Apple Logic Pro 7 User Manual Page 84
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84 Chapter 1 Using Logic
• Export > All Tracks as Audio File: This function exports all audio tracks to an audio file.
Bouncing and POW-r Dithering
Logic provides you with the leading professional POW-r dither algorithm, designed for
the conversion of 24 bit recordings to 16 bit files—as required for CD burning, for
example. POW-r (Psychoacoustically Optimized Wordlength Reduction) is licensed from
the development team of the POW-r Consortium LLC.
POW-r dithering is applied when:
• bouncing audio files to disk
• exporting OMF files (see “OMF Export/Import” on page 80)
Bouncing can be performed directly in the Arrange (and other) windows by selecting
the File > Bounce menu option, which will launch the Bounce dialog. Bouncing can also
be initiated by clicking on the Bounce button found on Audio Output Objects (see
“Bounce” on page 285).
POW-r offers three distinct dithering modes.
• No Dithering: No dithering is applied.
• POW-r #1: uses a special dithering curve to minimize quantization noise.
• POW-r #2: (Noise Shaping): uses additional noise shaping over a wide frequency
range, which can extend the dynamic range by 5 to 10 dB.
• POW-r #3: (Noise Shaping): uses additional, optimized noise shaping which can
extend the dynamic range by 20 dB within the 2 to 4 kHz range—the range the
human ear is most sensitive to.
Note: Noise Shaping minimizes side effects caused by bit reduction through spectral
displacement of quantization noise above 10 kHz—the range the human ear is least
sensitive to.
The mode which will sound the best to you is primarily dependent on the program
material and on your personal taste. The “right” setting is best determined by
auditioning the audio material with each of the dithering modes.
Important: Dithering the same audio signal multiple times should be avoided.
- Logic Pro 7 1
- Reference Manual 1
- Contents 3
- Logic Reference 9
- About this Manual 10
- Conventions of this Manual… 11
- Using Logic 13
- Input Options 14
- Numerical Input 15
- Tools and the Toolbox 16
- Selecting Tools 17
- The Tools 18
- Chapter 1 19
- Using Logic 19
- 20 Chapter 1 Using Logic 20
- Window Functions 21
- Working with Windows 22
- Chapter 1 Using Logic 23 23
- 24 Chapter 1 Using Logic 24
- Chapter 1 Using Logic 25 25
- Window Elements 26
- Menu Handling 27
- Window Types 27
- 28 Chapter 1 Using Logic 28
- Relationships between Windows 29
- 30 Chapter 1 Using Logic 30
- Chapter 1 Using Logic 31 31
- Screensets 32
- Window Management Functions 33
- Edit Operations 34
- Chapter 1 Using Logic 35 35
- Selection Techniques 36
- Chapter 1 Using Logic 37 37
- Opening Editors 39
- Control Output via MIDI 39
- General Note Events Functions 39
- 40 Chapter 1 Using Logic 40
- Working with Events 41
- 42 Chapter 1 Using Logic 42
- Event and Note Quantization 43
- Key Commands 44
- Key Commands Window 45
- 46 Chapter 1 Using Logic 46
- Chapter 1 Using Logic 47 47
- 48 Chapter 1 Using Logic 48
- Chapter 1 Using Logic 49 49
- 50 Chapter 1 Using Logic 50
- Chapter 1 Using Logic 51 51
- Input via Screen Keyboard 53
- 54 Chapter 1 Using Logic 54
- Chapter 1 Using Logic 55 55
- 56 Chapter 1 Using Logic 56
- Caps Lock Keyboard 57
- 58 Chapter 1 Using Logic 58
- Song Administration 59
- 60 Chapter 1 Using Logic 60
- Chapter 1 Using Logic 61 61
- 62 Chapter 1 Using Logic 62
- Chapter 1 Using Logic 63 63
- 64 Chapter 1 Using Logic 64
- About Templates 65
- Loading a Song 66
- Saving Songs 68
- Closing and Quitting 69
- Standard MIDI Files 70
- Saving Standard MIDI Files 71
- Apple Loops 72
- Chapter 1 Using Logic 73 73
- Apple Loops Utility 74
- Chapter 1 Using Logic 75 75
- 76 Chapter 1 Using Logic 76
- GarageBand File Import 77
- ReCycle Import 78
- Chapter 1 Using Logic 79 79
- Audio Export and Import 80
- OpenTL Export/Import 81
- 82 Chapter 1 Using Logic 82
- AAF Export/Import 83
- Track/Region Export 83
- Bouncing and POW-r Dithering 84
- Transport 85
- 86 Chapter 2 Transport 86
- 88 Chapter 2 Transport 88
- Position Display 89
- Locators 89
- Tempo/Free Memory 90
- Time Signature and Division 91
- 92 Chapter 2 Transport 92
- MIDI Monitor/Song End 93
- Transport Buttons 94
- Chapter 2 Transport 95 95
- Mode Buttons 96
- The Bar Ruler 97
- Song Position Line 98
- Chapter 2 Transport 99 99
- Cycle Mode 100
- Chapter 2 Transport 101 101
- Recording 102
- Count-In 103
- Recording in Cycle Mode 104
- Autodrop 104
- Chapter 2 Transport 105 105
- Chase Events 106
- • polyphonic aftertouch 107
- Arrange Window 109
- Overview 111
- Track Icons 112
- Selecting a Track 113
- Sorting Tracks 113
- Creating Tracks 113
- Deleting Tracks 114
- Naming Tracks 115
- Muting Tracks 116
- Soloing Tracks 116
- Hiding Tracks 117
- Track Button Slide Activation 118
- Selecting an Instrument 118
- Zooming Individual Tracks 119
- Arrange Channel Strip 120
- MIDI Multi-Track Recording 121
- Layer and Multiplayer Mode 122
- MIDI Instruments 123
- MIDI Regions 128
- Creating a MIDI Region 129
- Deleting MIDI Regions 129
- Snap and Drag Menus 130
- Moving Regions 130
- Copying Regions 132
- Editing Parts of a Region 133
- Using a Finer Grid 136
- Dividing MIDI Regions 136
- Merging MIDI Regions 137
- Demixing Regions 138
- Muting Regions 138
- Soloing Regions 139
- Naming a Region 139
- Special Functions 140
- Defaults and MIDI Thru 141
- Transpose 143
- Extended Region Parameter Box 146
- Quantization 147
- Linear Quantize—“Q-Range” 150
- Creating Groove Templates 151
- Importing Groove Templates 152
- Working with folders 153
- Unpacking Folders 154
- Creating an Alias 155
- Alias and Real Regions 156
- Creating Markers… 158
- Marker Names 159
- Marker Text Window 159
- Marker List Window 161
- Marker Position and Length 163
- Time and Key Signature Editor 165
- Functions 166
- Arrange Window Techniques 167
- Deleting Events Selectively 168
- Copying Events Selectively 168
- Altering the Display 170
- Region Display 172
- Reset Functions 173
- MIDI page 174
- Audio in the Arrange Window 175
- Editing Regions 177
- Erasing Regions 178
- Moving Audio Regions 180
- Changing Start and End Points 181
- Region Parameter Box 182
- The Region Anchor 183
- Audio Recording 184
- Arming Tracks 185
- Punch-in Recording 186
- Pre-programmed Drop-Record 187
- Audio Cycle Recording 188
- Auto Input Monitoring 188
- Stereo Recordings 189
- Time Stretching Regions 191
- Audio and MIDI Scrubbing 191
- Digital Mixdown 192
- Non-destructive Fades 194
- When to Freeze a Track 196
- How to Freeze a Track 197
- Working with Frozen Tracks 198
- Freeze Files 199
- The Environment 201
- Basic Operation 202
- Special Selection Commands 206
- The MIDI Signal Path 207
- Multiple Cabling 209
- Environment Objects 211
- Standard Instrument 212
- Multi Instrument 214
- Multi Instrument Window 216
- Defining Custom Bank Selects 218
- Mapped Instrument 219
- Mapped Instrument Window 220
- GM Mixer Object 221
- MMC Record Buttons 222
- Keyboard Object 223
- Monitor Object 223
- Channel Splitter Object 224
- Transformer Object 224
- • Filter matching Events 225
- Arpeggiator Object 228
- Delay Line Object 230
- Voice Limiter Object 231
- Chord Memorizer Object 232
- Touch Tracks Object 234
- MIDI Metronome Click 237
- Internal Objects 238
- Internal—ReWire 238
- MIDI Outs 239
- Ornament 241
- Audio Objects 243
- Faders—Overview 243
- Fader Operation 245
- Fader Styles 247
- Fader Functions: MIDI Events 249
- Fader Functions: Filter 251
- Vector Fader 253
- Special Faders Overview 254
- Cable Switchers 254
- Meta Event Faders 255
- SysEx Faders 256
- Creating a SysEx Message 257
- Setting the SysEx Data format 258
- • 2’s complement 259
- • 1’s complement 259
- Environment Exchange 260
- Replacement by Assignment 262
- Logic’s Mixing Facilities 265
- Setting up your Audio Mixer 266
- Object Parameter Box 267
- Elements of the Audio Object 270
- Channel EQ 271
- In/Output 275
- Pan/Balance 276
- Surround 279
- Solo/Mute 283
- Stereo Objects 284
- Track Arming 285
- Audio Object Types 295
- Input Object 297
- Audio Instrument Object 298
- • start/stop 300
- • repositioning 300
- • cycle start and end 300
- • tempo change 300
- Output Objects 301
- Bus Objects 302
- Auxiliary Object 303
- Master Object 304
- Audio Configuration 305
- I/O Labels 306
- Copy Entire Mixer Setup 306
- Track Mixer 307
- Track Filter 308
- View Options 308
- Folders and the Track Mixer 309
- MIDI Channel Strips 310
- Controls 311
- Automation 313
- 314 Chapter 7 Automation 314
- Track Based Automation 315
- Automation Modes 316
- Chapter 7 Automation 317 317
- Writing Track Automation Data 318
- Chapter 7 Automation 319 319
- Automation Quick Access 320
- Chapter 7 Automation 321 321
- Region Based Automation 322
- HyperDraw 323
- 324 Chapter 7 Automation 324
- Chapter 7 Automation 325 325
- Activating Region HyperDraw 326
- Chapter 7 Automation 327 327
- Conversion of Automation Data 328
- Global Tracks 329
- Creating Global Events 331
- Marker Track 332
- Working With Markers 333
- Marker Color 334
- Marker Text 334
- Tempo Track 335
- More About the Tempo Track 336
- Beat Mapping Track 337
- Beats from Region 340
- Beat Mapping to Markers 340
- Signature Track 341
- Chord Track 342
- Transposition Track 344
- Video Track 346
- Audio Window 349
- 350 Chapter 9 Audio Window 350
- Zoom Functions 351
- The Mode Buttons 351
- 352 Chapter 9 Audio Window 352
- The Audio List 353
- 354 Chapter 9 Audio Window 354
- Overview Calculation 355
- Operation 356
- Audio Window Groups 357
- Edit Commands 358
- Chapter 9 Audio Window 359 359
- 360 Chapter 9 Audio Window 360
- Chapter 9 Audio Window 361 361
- File Administration 362
- Chapter 9 Audio Window 363 363
- Adding Audio Files 364
- Deleting Audio Files 365
- Further File Functions 366
- File Conversion and Exchange 367
- 368 Chapter 9 Audio Window 368
- Chapter 9 Audio Window 369 369
- • Select the stereo file 370
- Chapter 9 Audio Window 371 371
- Strip Silence 372
- Strip Silence Parameters 373
- Other Strip Silence Functions 374
- Uses for Strip Silence 375
- Further Options 376
- Audio Drivers 377
- Core Audio 378
- Audio Engine 381
- Distributed Audio Processing 382
- Other Things You Should Know 384
- Sample Editor 385
- Waveform Overview 387
- The Detailed Waveform Display 388
- The Sample Edit Window in Use 390
- GoTo Commands 392
- Making Selections 392
- Search Zero Crossings 394
- Editing Commands 395
- Backup Copies 397
- Normalize 399
- Change Gain 399
- Fade In/Out 400
- Invert/Reverse 401
- Remove DC Offset 401
- Digital Factory 402
- Time and Pitch Machine 403
- Groove Machine 408
- Audio Energizer 409
- Silencer 410
- Sample Rate Converter 412
- Audio to MIDI Groove Template 412
- Audio to Score Streamer 415
- Quantize Engine 416
- Third Party Plug-ins 418
- Project Manager 419
- Scanning 421
- Expanded Scan 422
- Browse Mode 423
- Browser Display 424
- Edit Menu 425
- Functions Menu 427
- Install Files From… 428
- Consolidate Selected Songs 429
- View Menu 432
- Navigate 434
- Project Manager Preferences 435
- Comments 436
- Event List 439
- 440 Chapter 13 Event List 440
- Chapter 13 Event List 441 441
- Event Editing 443
- Altering Values 443
- Event List Structure 444
- … on Arrange Level 446
- Event Type Structure 447
- Program Change Events 448
- Pitchbend Events 449
- Control Change Events 449
- Aftertouch Events 450
- Poly Pressure Events 450
- SysEx Events 451
- Meta Events 451
- 452 Chapter 13 Event List 452
- Tips for Numerical Input 453
- Event Float Window 453
- Hyper Editor 455
- Hyper Sets 456
- Event Definitions 457
- Creating Event Definitions 458
- Hi Hat Mode 462
- Adding Individual Events 464
- Matrix Editor 467
- • A black line at every bar 468
- Editing Notes 469
- Creating Notes 470
- Moving Notes 470
- Copying Notes 471
- Altering length 471
- Altering velocity 472
- Multiple MIDI Region Edit 473
- Score Editor 475
- Notation Concept 478
- Staff Display… 479
- Aliases in the Score Display 479
- General Appearance 482
- Other Options 484
- Printout 487
- Graphic Export 488
- Realtime MIDI Recording 489
- Step Input 489
- Mouse Input 490
- Insert Quantization 491
- • Nudge Position Up 493
- • Nudge Position Down 493
- • Nudge Position Left 493
- • Nudge Position Right 493
- The Part Box 495
- • Next Part box Symbol 497
- • Previous Part box Symbol 497
- • Next Part box Group 497
- • Previous Part box Group 497
- N-Tuplets 499
- Sustain Pedal Symbols 502
- Dynamic Symbols 503
- Note Heads 504
- Symbols attached to Notes 504
- Jazz Symbols 505
- Slurs, Crescendi 506
- Key Signatures 508
- Time Signatures 509
- Repeat Signs and Bar Lines 511
- Trills, Tremolo, and so on 512
- Rests, Bar Repeat Signs 513
- Text Objects, Chord Symbols 514
- D.S., D.C., Segno, Coda Signs 515
- Tempo and Swing Symbols 515
- Move, Copy, and Paste 516
- Via the Clipboard 517
- Repeat Objects 518
- Copy MIDI Events 518
- Nudge key commands 518
- Editing Using Tools 519
- • Event Transpose 520
- • Nudge Event Channel 520
- The Display Parameter Box 522
- Settings 523
- Name and Style 524
- Qua (Display Quantization) 524
- Interpretation 526
- Syncopation 527
- No Overlap 528
- Max. Dots 528
- Score off 528
- Score Styles 529
- Predefined Styles 530
- Working with Score Styles 531
- The Score Style Window 532
- Handling Score Styles 533
- Voice Separation Method 538
- Cross Staff Beaming 544
- Copying Voices or Staves 545
- Note Attributes 548
- Display Levels 552
- Instrument Sets 553
- The Instrument Set Window 554
- Full Score and Part Layout 557
- Line Breaks 558
- Local Margins 559
- Global Format 561
- Numbers & Names 564
- Clefs & Signatures 567
- Extended Layout Parameters 569
- Guitar Tablature 570
- MIDI Meaning 572
- Score Preferences 574
- Text: Input and Display 575
- Text Input 577
- Editing Text 579
- Global Text 579
- Automatic Text objects 580
- Chord Symbols 582
- Handling Chord Symbols 583
- The Transform Window 587
- Transformation 589
- Event Parameters 590
- Conditions 591
- Operations 592
- Parameter Sets 595
- Display and Functions 597
- Tempo List Editor 598
- Tempo Operations 599
- 600 Chapter 18 Tempo 600
- Tempo Interpreter 601
- The Tempo Interpreter window 602
- Real Time Tempo Fader 603
- 604 Chapter 18 Tempo 604
- Synchronization 605
- • 24 fps—24 fps 606
- • 25 fps—25 fps 606
- • 30 drop fps—29.97 drop fps 606
- • 30 fps—30 fps 606
- Synchronization Window 607
- • Deferred Play 612
- Bar Ruler—Time Ruler 614
- MIDI Machine Control 616
- Sync Problems and Solutions 618
- 619 619
- 620 Chapter 20 Video 620
- Video Thumbnail Track 621
- New Thumbnail Algorithm 622
- Chapter 20 Video 623 623
- Song Settings and Preferences 625
- Song Settings 626
- Recording Settings 628
- Tuning Settings 630
- MIDI Settings 635
- Preferences 639
- Global Preferences 640
- Audio Preferences 644
- MIDI Preferences 648
- Display Preferences 650
- Video Preferences 653
- Automation Preferences 654
- Control Surfaces Preferences 654
- Control Surface Support 655
- Installation 656
- The Install Window 657
- Setup Window Parameters 658
- Device parameters 659
- Special Parameters 659
- Control Surface Preferences 664
- Help Tags 667
- Customizing Control Surfaces 668
- Zones, Modes, and Assignments 670
- Assignment Parameters 673
- Glossary 683
- 684 Glossary 684
- Glossary 685 685
- 686 Glossary 686
- Glossary 687 687
- 688 Glossary 688
- Glossary 689 689
- 690 Glossary 690
- Glossary 691 691
- 692 Glossary 692
- Glossary 693 693
- 694 Glossary 694
- Glossary 695 695
- 696 Glossary 696
- Glossary 697 697
- 698 Glossary 698
- Glossary 699 699
- 700 Glossary 700
- Glossary 701 701
- 702 Glossary 702
- Glossary 703 703
- 704 Glossary 704
- Glossary 705 705
- 706 Glossary 706
- Glossary 707 707
- 708 Glossary 708
- Glossary 709 709
- 710 Glossary 710
- Glossary 711 711
- 712 Glossary 712
- 714 Index 714
- Index 715 715
- 716 Index 716
- Index 717 717
- 718 Index 718
- Index 719 719
- 720 Index 720
- Index 721 721
- 722 Index 722
- Index 723 723
- 724 Index 724
- Index 725 725
- 726 Index 726
- Index 727 727
- 728 Index 728
- Index 729 729
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