Apple Computer Network Router 2 User Manual

Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Reading, Massachusetts Menlo Park, California New YorkDon Mills, Ontario Wokingham, England Amsterdam BonnSydney Si

x Error Handling 6-37Error Correction 6-37Error Detection 6-38 Chapter 7 Routing and Communications 7-1The In/Out Box 7-2The In Box 7-3The Out Box 7-

CHAPTER 3Controls3-6 ButtonsFigure 3-5 Where to use a button named CancelA button named Cancel should close the view it’s in and return the applicatio

CHAPTER 3ControlsButtons 3-7Picture Buttons 3A picture button is a small picture (an icon) that represents the button’s function. The picture is usual

CHAPTER 3Controls3-8 Buttonsits picture has an unbroken line around it—a sort of self-border. Figure 3-8 shows where you should omit picture button bo

CHAPTER 3ControlsButtons 3-9Button Behavior 3Although text buttons and picture buttons look different, their basic behavior is the same. Both types of

CHAPTER 3Controls3-10 Buttonsthe pen on the screen, the button becomes unhighlighted. The button tracks the pen movement as long as the user keeps pre

CHAPTER 3ControlsButtons 3-11A button can disappear and reappear with no visual effect or with a subtle visual effect such as zoom closed and zoom ope

CHAPTER 3Controls3-12 ButtonsFigure 3-11 Where to put buttons in a viewButton Spacing 3Group text and picture buttons with similar functions together.

CHAPTER 3ControlsButtons 3-13Avoid spacing consecutive buttons so close together that they look cramped. On an Apple MessagePad, space consecutive but

CHAPTER 3Controls3-14 Close BoxesLarge Buttons 3If a user needs to be able to tap some text buttons or picture buttons in your application with a finge

CHAPTER 3ControlsClose Boxes 3-15Always put the Close box or large Close box in the bottom right corner of the container view it closes. Where to Use

xi Routing Status 7-29Stopping a Send or Receive in Progress 7-31Transport Preferences 7-32Routing Alternatives 7-34Routing by Intelligent Assistant

CHAPTER 3Controls3-16 Radio Buttonspicture buttons, but do not use a large Close box in a slip with an OK or Yes button. Instead, use a Cancel button

CHAPTER 3ControlsRadio Buttons 3-17There are two types of radio buttons. One is a small oval that is empty if it is not selected, or is filled with so

CHAPTER 3Controls3-18 CheckboxesTo operate a radio button the user can tap any part of it, including the text or picture that identifies it. Tapping o

CHAPTER 3ControlsCheckboxes 3-19Figure 3-18 Each checkbox can be on or offYou can have one checkbox or as many as you need. Checkboxes are indepen-den

CHAPTER 3Controls3-20 Slidersthe user may briefly ponder the significance of changing the checkbox’s state. For example, a checkbox in a fax routing sli

CHAPTER 3ControlsHot Spots 3-21Figure 3-20 A slider used for data input Hot Spots 3Some views need to have many small, unnamed controls that respond l

CHAPTER 3Controls3-22 Standard Newton ButtonsFigure 3-21 Providing feedback for small, transparent hot spotsOf course, sometimes the whole point of ho

CHAPTER 3ControlsStandard Newton Buttons 3-23Other specific controls defined by the Newton system are described elsewhere. For descriptions of scroll ar

CHAPTER 3Controls3-24 Standard Newton ButtonsFigure 3-23 Where an Info button goesRecognizer Button 3A Recognizer button lets users control the system

CHAPTER 3ControlsStandard Newton Buttons 3-25Tapping a Recognizer button pops up the Recognizer picker, which is described in “User Control of Recogni

xii Preferences 8-30System-wide Preferences 8-30Application Preferences 8-31 Appendix Avoiding Common Mistakes A-1Info Button A-1New and Show Buttons

CHAPTER 3Controls3-26 Standard Newton ButtonsNew Button 3A New button lets users create a new data item and to specify the format of the item, such as

CHAPTER 3ControlsStandard Newton Buttons 3-27Filing Button 3A Filing button lets users designate a folder and a storage location (if more than one is

CHAPTER 3Controls3-28 Standard Newton Buttonscard, the Filing button contains a small black triangle. If the item is stored internally, the Filing but

CHAPTER 3ControlsStandard Newton Buttons 3-29Figure 3-31 Where an Action button goesTapping an Action button pops up the Action picker, which is descr

CHAPTER 3Controls3-30 Standard Newton ButtonsFigure 3-32 Seeing an Item Info slipIf a user scrolls an item’s separator bar out of view while its Item

CHAPTER 3ControlsStandard Newton Buttons 3-31Figure 3-33 A Rotate button lets users change the screen orientationRotate button on a MessagePad 120

4-1CHAPTER 4Pickers 4A picker is a black-bordered, unmovable view that pops up in response to a user action, such as tapping a button, label, or hot s

CHAPTER 4Pickers4-2 List PickersList Pickers 4As its name suggests, a list picker presents users with a list of items from which to choose. This secti

CHAPTER 4PickersList Pickers 4-3A list picker does not include a title because the picker’s context should make its purpose clear. The picker may cont

xiii Figures Chapter 1 Newton and Its Users 1-1 Figure 1-1 Metaphors help people quickly grasp how software works 1-5 Figure 1-2 Users should feel t

CHAPTER 4Pickers4-4 List PickersYou use different parts of speech to name items in a list picker, depending on what effect they have when the user pic

CHAPTER 4PickersList Pickers 4-5Figure 4-2 A list picker can contain a two-dimensional table of itemsUnavailable Items 4An application may need to mak

CHAPTER 4Pickers4-6 List PickersApplications should not attempt to imitate the interface of personal computers by dimming unavailable picker items. Al

CHAPTER 4PickersList Pickers 4-7Figure 4-4 Grouping items in list pickersFor general grouping of items in a picker, you should only use a dotted separ

CHAPTER 4Pickers4-8 List PickersFigure 4-5 Pickers can pop up from buttons, labels, and hot spotsFor picker control at the bottom of a view or on the

CHAPTER 4PickersList Pickers 4-9Figure 4-6 How a list picker should align with its label or buttonIf you want your application to work when a user rot

CHAPTER 4Pickers4-10 List PickersFigure 4-7 Using a list picker from a buttonIn the case of a list picker that pops up next to a text label, the curre

CHAPTER 4PickersList Pickers 4-11If a user touches a picker list and slides the pen instead of lifting it, the picker tracks the pen movement. As the

CHAPTER 4Pickers4-12 List PickersScrolling 4A list picker may contain too many items to display at once on some Newton devices. This can happen when a

CHAPTER 4PickersList Pickers 4-13Scrolling pickers are harder to use than pickers that don’t scroll, because users have to remember the picker items t

xiv Figure 2-18 A confirmation alert tells the user about a grave situation 2-19 Figure 2-19 A status slip reports on a lengthy operation 2-20 Figure

CHAPTER 4Pickers4-14 List PickersHierarchical List Pickers 4If a list of picker items is extremely long, index tabs won’t be enough to prevent intermi

CHAPTER 4PickersList Pickers 4-15Figure 4-11 How a two-level hierarchy of list pickers works3. Tapping an item in the second-level picker and then tap

CHAPTER 4Pickers4-16 Number PickerNumber Picker 4A number picker displays a number that a user can change by tapping the digits of the number itself.

CHAPTER 4PickersDate and Time Pickers 4-17Date and Time Pickers 4The system includes pickers for specifying a time, a date, a date and time, a start a

CHAPTER 4Pickers4-18 Date and Time PickersFigure 4-14 Date pickers specify one date or a date rangePicking another month (or “Today”) changes the cale

CHAPTER 4PickersOverview Pickers 4-19Overview Pickers 4Like list pickers, overview pickers can pop up in response to a user tapping a text label or bu

CHAPTER 4Pickers4-20 Overview PickersFigure 4-15 The parts of overview pickersIn most cases, your application is not responsible for the wording, punc

CHAPTER 4PickersOverview Pickers 4-21Using an Overview Picker 4A user makes an overview picker appear by tapping the appropriate label. The picker sta

CHAPTER 4Pickers4-22 Overview PickersFigure 4-16 Entering a new value in an overview pickerWhen a user closes an overview picker, the selected item or

CHAPTER 4PickersStandard Newton Pickers 4-23Users can also scroll overview pickers with the universal scroll arrows. In addition, users can scroll ove

xv Chapter 3 Controls 3-1 Figure 3-1 Tapping a button initiates an action 3-2 Figure 3-2 A text button’s name states what the button does 3-2 Figure

CHAPTER 4Pickers4-24 Standard Newton PickersInfo Picker 4The Info picker pops up from the standard Info button at the left end of the status bar and g

CHAPTER 4PickersStandard Newton Pickers 4-25Choosing Help from an Info picker displays online help for the application. For more information, see “Hel

Show Picker 4The Show picker lists alternative views for displaying data in an application, such as the Card view and All Info view in the built-in Na

CHAPTER 4PickersStandard Newton Pickers 4-27Figure 4-20 The Action picker lists commands for acting on dataPicking a routing command from an Action pi

CHAPTER 4Pickers4-28 Standard Newton PickersFigure 4-21 A People picker excerpts items from the Names File and Owner Info applicationsNames only Names

Designing Effective Icons 5-1CHAPTER 5Icons 5This chapter describes how to design icons—those small pictographs that represent objects or actions in t

CHAPTER 5Icons5-2 Designing Effective IconsThinking Up an Icon Image 5An icon is like the proverbial picture that’s worth a thousand words only if it

CHAPTER 5IconsDesigning Effective Icons 5-3deleting. Thinking of an object that is representative of the function of your icon is the key to good conc

CHAPTER 5Icons5-4 Designing Effective Iconsthat display only black and white (no shades of gray or colors), particularly in the smaller icon sizes.New

CHAPTER 5IconsDesigning Effective Icons 5-5Figure 5-3 Small icon resembles large iconUse Icons Consistently 5Use icons consistently throughout your ap

xvi Figure 3-31 Where an Action button goes 3-29 Figure 3-32 Seeing an Item Info slip 3-30 Figure 3-33 A Rotate button lets users change the screen o

CHAPTER 5Icons5-6 Extras Drawer IconsThink About Multicultural Compatibility 5Your icons should be designed with multicultural use in mind. For exampl

CHAPTER 5IconsExtras Drawer Icons 5-7spacing comfortable between neighboring icons? How can the icon animate to make it inviting to use? Figure 5-5 il

CHAPTER 5Icons5-8 Extras Drawer IconsExtras Drawer Icon Size 5To maximize the number of icons visible at once, the Extras Drawer puts very little spac

CHAPTER 5IconsExtras Drawer Icons 5-9Extras Drawer Icon Shape 5Icons for Newton applications generally should not look like icons for desktop computer

CHAPTER 5Icons5-10 Extras Drawer IconsWhen a user selects an icon, the Extras Drawer creates the selected form of the icon by combining the unselected

CHAPTER 5IconsTitle Icons 5-11Figure 5-8 Combining an icon with its mask to animate the iconIf you don’t provide a mask for your application’s icon, t

CHAPTER 5Icons5-12 Button IconsButton Icons 5You can use an icon to label a button. For example, the Action button and the Filing button have icons as

CHAPTER 5IconsIcons in a Picker 5-13 Icons increase the size of a picker, not only in width but also in height. The larger a picker, the more it obsc

CHAPTER 5Icons5-14 Icons in a PickerThe standard Newton pickers automatically align each icon with its text at their vertical midpoints. If you want t

Input Fields 6-1CHAPTER 6Data Input 6Although some applications for Newton devices only present information to people, many applications gather data f

xviiChapter 5 Icons 5-1Figure 5-1 Distinctive icon shapes are easier to recognize than rectangular icons 5-3Figure 5-2 Avoid text in icons 5-4Figure 5

CHAPTER 6Data Input6-2 Input FieldsFigure 6-1 Users enter and edit data in input fieldsAlign field labels in neat columns, and be consistent in how you

CHAPTER 6Data InputTapping 6-3Tapping 6People can quickly and accurately input data that an application presents in a multiple-choice format such as a

CHAPTER 6Data Input6-4 TappingFigure 6-2 How a picker works for data inputFor more information on pickers, see Chapter 4, “Pickers.”Scrolling Lists an

CHAPTER 6Data InputTapping 6-5Figure 6-3 Data input using scrolling lists with or without checkboxesIf a scrolling list uses local scroll arrows, they

CHAPTER 6Data Input6-6 TappingA scrolling list is not the best way to input one value across a range of values. Since the full range isn’t visible all

CHAPTER 6Data InputTapping 6-7Checkboxes 6For a field that can have one or more of a few unchanging values, an applica-tion can use a set of checkboxes

CHAPTER 6Data Input6-8 Writing, Drawing, and EditingWriting, Drawing, and Editing 6In some places users can’t be restricted to multiple-choice input m

CHAPTER 6Data InputWriting, Drawing, and Editing 6-9 Editing Let users edit text—select, delete, copy-and-paste, duplicate, and move. Formatting Let

CHAPTER 6Data Input6-10 Writing, Drawing, and EditingLabeled Input Line 6A labeled input line consists of a simple input line with a text label at its

CHAPTER 6Data InputWriting, Drawing, and Editing 6-11Text Input Lines that Expand 6You can reduce the amount of space required for several stacked inp

xviiiFigure 6-14 The Recognizer button and picker give users control over recognition 6-16Figure 6-15 Users may need to control recognition separately

CHAPTER 6Data Input6-12 Writing, Drawing, and EditingParagraph Input 6Another interface element accepts the input of multiple lines or paragraphs of t

CHAPTER 6Data InputWriting, Drawing, and Editing 6-13Figure 6-11 A user can rearrange a structured list by dragging topic markersShape Input 6There is

CHAPTER 6Data Input6-14 Writing, Drawing, and EditingFigure 6-12 Interface element for shape input Editing Let users edit shapes—select, delete, copy

CHAPTER 6Data InputWriting, Drawing, and Editing 6-15Figure 6-13 Interface element for general inputRecognition 6The Newton operating system is able t

CHAPTER 6Data Input6-16 Writing, Drawing, and EditingYou don’t need to do anything in your application to handle ordinary recog-nition. The Newton sys

CHAPTER 6Data InputWriting, Drawing, and Editing 6-17The Recognizer picker lists the type of recognition options that are appropriate for the type of

CHAPTER 6Data Input6-18 Writing, Drawing, and EditingDeferred Recognition 6A user can defer text recognition by selecting Ink Text from a Recognizer p

CHAPTER 6Data InputWriting, Drawing, and Editing 6-19an Alpha Sorter picker if a user writes ink text in the Name field (which determines the card’s se

CHAPTER 6Data Input6-20 Writing, Drawing, and EditingNo matter how you have configured recognition for a text field, users can input the wrong type of t

CHAPTER 6Data InputWriting, Drawing, and Editing 6-21 Recognize punctuation marks. Preceding a word: single quotation mark, double quotation mark, le

xixFigure 7-8 A routing slip shows sender, recipient, and type of transport 7-13Figure 7-9 Changing the sender’s name or location 7-14Figure 7-10 Choo

CHAPTER 6Data Input6-22 Writing, Drawing, and Editing Remove extra space from paragraphs Duplicate text or shapes Change shapes Move objectsThe te

CHAPTER 6Data InputWriting, Drawing, and Editing 6-23Figure 6-17 Selecting words and shapesA user can extend a selection or select more objects by dra

CHAPTER 6Data Input6-24 Writing, Drawing, and Editingobjects that the user has not selected may appear within the borders of the gray selection box, b

CHAPTER 6Data InputWriting, Drawing, and Editing 6-25Figure 6-19 Scrubbing a little or a lotThe effect of scrubbing may be different if a user first se

CHAPTER 6Data Input6-26 Writing, Drawing, and EditingJoining Words 6To join words, a user draws a V between them at their baselines, as shown in Figur

CHAPTER 6Data InputWriting, Drawing, and Editing 6-27Figure 6-22 Inserting space in textInserting New Text 6When a caret is displayed in an input area

CHAPTER 6Data Input6-28 Writing, Drawing, and EditingA user can move the caret simply by tapping the screen at the desired location. Users always know

CHAPTER 6Data InputWriting, Drawing, and Editing 6-29Replacing Text 6By extending the method for inserting text, a user can replace existing text. Ins

CHAPTER 6Data Input6-30 Writing, Drawing, and Editingwith which the user can type corrections. Tapping the Corrector button brings up a Corrector view

CHAPTER 6Data InputWriting, Drawing, and Editing 6-31Changing Capitalization of Text 6To change how a word is capitalized, a user selects the word and

 Apple Computer, Inc.© 1996, 1994 Apple Computer, Inc.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval syst

xxFigure 8-5 A standard Find slip specifies what to find and where to look 8-7Figure 8-6 Specifying text or date searches in a Find slip 8-7Figure 8-7 S

CHAPTER 6Data Input6-32 TypingMoving Objects 6A user can move an object—text, ink text, sketch, shape, or a combination of them—by selecting the objec

CHAPTER 6Data InputTyping 6-33Displaying Keyboards 6There are several ways users can display a keyboard. One is to double-tap any blank space in a te

CHAPTER 6Data Input6-34 TypingFigure 6-29 A keyboard can be embedded in a data-input slipKeyboard Position 6When a user brings up a keyboard it should

CHAPTER 6Data InputTyping 6-35Return 6In a field that allows entering multiple lines of text, the return key inserts a carriage return at the text-inse

CHAPTER 6Data Input6-36 Typingand other nonalphabetic keys. The caps key locks on when tapped and stays on until tapped again; even closing a keyboard

CHAPTER 6Data InputError Handling 6-37When a user holds the pen on a key for a certain amount of time, the system acts as if the user were repeatedly

CHAPTER 6Data Input6-38 Error HandlingWhen a user initiates an action that can’t be undone and could be very difficult to reverse by hand, your applica

7-1CHAPTER 7Routing and Communications7The Newton system provides a standard user interface for sending and receiving data by several communications m

CHAPTER 7Routing and Communications7-2 The In/Out Box How users route incoming data items When and how transports should display status information

CHAPTER 7Routing and CommunicationsThe In/Out Box 7-3Figure 7-1 The In/Out Box application displays either the In Box or the Out BoxThe In Box 7The In

PREFACExxiAbout This BookNewton 2.0 User Interface Guidelines describes how to create software products that optimize the interaction between people a

CHAPTER 7Routing and Communications7-4 The In/Out BoxThe Out Box 7The Out Box holds data items coming from all applications and waiting to be printed,

CHAPTER 7Routing and CommunicationsThe In/Out Box 7-5Viewing Items in the In/Out Box 7Users can see more than just header information for some types o

CHAPTER 7Routing and Communications7-6 The In/Out BoxIf applications provide multiple view templates for the type of data currently on display in the

CHAPTER 7Routing and CommunicationsRouting Outgoing Items 7-7Figure 7-3 Viewing routing information in an Item Info slipRouting Outgoing Items 7There

CHAPTER 7Routing and Communications7-8 Routing Outgoing ItemsAction Button and Picker 7Users can send items from any application that has an Action bu

CHAPTER 7Routing and CommunicationsRouting Outgoing Items 7-9An Action Button’s Location 7The scope of an Action button determines where it should be

CHAPTER 7Routing and Communications7-10 Routing Outgoing ItemsIn a view where an Action button can only affect one data item of several that may be di

CHAPTER 7Routing and CommunicationsRouting Outgoing Items 7-11Figure 7-7 An Action picker can include two kinds of actionsNote that the first action li

CHAPTER 7Routing and Communications7-12 Routing Outgoing ItemsIn addition to putting transports and transport groups at the top of an Action picker, t

CHAPTER 7Routing and CommunicationsRouting Outgoing Items 7-13Figure 7-8 A routing slip shows sender, recipient, and type of transportThe system anima

PREFACExxiiThis book assumes you are familiar with the concepts and terminology used with Newton devices, and that you have used a Newton device and i

CHAPTER 7Routing and Communications7-14 Routing Outgoing ItemsFigure 7-9 Changing the sender’s name or locationThe Sender picker lists the owner names

CHAPTER 7Routing and CommunicationsRouting Outgoing Items 7-15Recipient Pickers 7The kind of recipient information displayed in the center of a routin

CHAPTER 7Routing and Communications7-16 Routing Outgoing ItemsFigure 7-10 Choosing a printer in a routing slipChoosing Fax or E-mail Recipients 7The r

CHAPTER 7Routing and CommunicationsRouting Outgoing Items 7-17copy) field identifies recipients whose names and addresses are hidden from To and Cc reci

CHAPTER 7Routing and Communications7-18 Routing Outgoing ItemsThe very first time a user taps the recipient in a fax or e-mail routing slip, the picke

CHAPTER 7Routing and CommunicationsRouting Outgoing Items 7-19To the left of the Close box is a text button labeled with the name of the routing actio

CHAPTER 7Routing and Communications7-20 Routing Outgoing ItemsOther Routing Slip Elements 7A routing slip’s lower panel may have additional controls a

CHAPTER 7Routing and CommunicationsRouting Outgoing Items 7-21Figure 7-14 Format choices vary by transport and class of dataAlthough a transport speci

CHAPTER 7Routing and Communications7-22 Routing Outgoing ItemsEach application defines routing formats for its classes of data and registers the format

CHAPTER 7Routing and CommunicationsRouting Outgoing Items 7-23Each time a routing slip opens, the system initially sets the format to the format most

PREFACExxiii Newton Toolkit User’s Guide. This book introduces the Newton Toolkit (NTK) development environment and shows how to develop Newton appli

CHAPTER 7Routing and Communications7-24 Routing Incoming ItemsSending Out Box Items 7Items a user chooses to send later (as described in “Send Button

CHAPTER 7Routing and CommunicationsRouting Incoming Items 7-25Receiving In Box Items 7To receive items, a user can pick a routing action from the In B

CHAPTER 7Routing and Communications7-26 Routing Incoming ItemsFigure 7-19 Connection setup varies by transportA transport can also allow users to sche

CHAPTER 7Routing and CommunicationsRouting Incoming Items 7-27action from the Tag picker, which pops up when the user taps the Tag button. The Tag pic

CHAPTER 7Routing and Communications7-28 Routing Incoming Itemsof the built-in applications registers to accept page-image data like faxes, and the bui

CHAPTER 7Routing and CommunicationsRouting Status 7-29Extending the Tag Picker 7A transport can add actions to the Tag picker. For example, an e-mail

CHAPTER 7Routing and Communications7-30 Routing StatusFigure 7-21 Status slips apprise users of lengthy transport activities

CHAPTER 7Routing and CommunicationsStopping a Send or Receive in Progress 7-31Transports can dynamically switch from one type of status slip to anothe

CHAPTER 7Routing and Communications7-32 Transport PreferencesTransport Preferences 7The Newton system stores user-configurable preferences and other co

CHAPTER 7Routing and CommunicationsTransport Preferences 7-33Figure 7-23 Some common preference items for transportsA transport’s preferences slip can

PREFACExxivfeatures all current versions of Apple development tools, as well as popular third-party development tools. APDA offers convenient payment

CHAPTER 7Routing and Communications7-34 Routing AlternativesA preferences slip can also include an Info button in the lower left corner. Tapping it po

CHAPTER 7Routing and CommunicationsRouting Alternatives 7-35Another way users can route items through most transports is with the Intelligent Assistan

CHAPTER 7Routing and Communications7-36 Routing AlternativesProgrammed Sending 7An application can send an item programmatically, using a specific tran

8-1CHAPTER 8Newton Services 8This chapter describes the user interface for Newton system services not described in other chapters. Topics include: Ho

CHAPTER 8Newton Services8-2 Automatic Busy CursorAutomatic Busy Cursor 8The system lets users know when it is temporarily busy and may be unable to re

CHAPTER 8Newton ServicesNotify Button and Picker 8-3Figure 8-2 The Notify button signals an ongoing action or deferred alertIf your application displa

CHAPTER 8Newton Services8-4 AlarmsWhen a user chooses an action or alert from the Notify picker, the Notify service automatically removes the chosen i

CHAPTER 8Newton ServicesAlarms 8-5The Snooze button is optional. Your application can use a plain notification alert without a Snooze button (see “Noti

CHAPTER 8Newton Services8-6 SoundA user sets the volume of alarm sounds in the Alarm section of the Prefs application. Your application should not cha

CHAPTER 8Newton ServicesFind 8-7Figure 8-5 A standard Find slip specifies what to find and where to lookThe standard Find slip contains a labeled input

Understand Newton 1-1CHAPTER 1Newton and Its Users 1Before you can begin to design an application, it is crucial that you have a clear picture of what

CHAPTER 8Newton Services8-8 FindDate Searches 8Date searches find items dated before, after, or on the date specified in the Find slip. To specify a dat

CHAPTER 8Newton ServicesFind 8-9the system is to conduct a search. The Find slip in Figure 8-8 depicts a search for the word “Daphne” in the Notepad a

CHAPTER 8Newton Services8-10 FindKeep in mind that a user may need to scroll among found items while the Find slip is displayed; therefore, when custo

CHAPTER 8Newton ServicesFind 8-11Initiating or Canceling a Search 8After using the Find slip to specify the search criteria, a user initiates the sear

CHAPTER 8Newton Services8-12 FindFigure 8-11 A Find overview lists items that match search criteriaA user can alternately hide and reveal the names of

CHAPTER 8Newton ServicesFiling 8-13Figure 8-12 The Find slip reports which found item is currently displayedIf more than one item was found, tapping t

CHAPTER 8Newton Services8-14 FilingFiled data items look to a user like they are in folders, but filed items do not actually reside in a folder or dire

CHAPTER 8Newton ServicesFiling 8-15The filing options that a user selects in a Filing slip apply to the data in the view that contains the Filing butto

CHAPTER 8Newton Services8-16 FilingIn a view where a Filing button can affect only one data item of several that may be displayed in the view (perhaps

CHAPTER 8Newton ServicesFiling 8-17Figure 8-16 A Filing slip can include storage locations, folders, or bothA Filing slip should open with the current

CHAPTER 1Newton and Its Users1-2 Know Your AudienceNewton is not a small portable computer with another graphical user interface. There may be similar

CHAPTER 8Newton Services8-18 FilingIn addition to radio buttons for selecting filing options, all Filing slips have a File button for initiating the fil

CHAPTER 8Newton ServicesFiling 8-19Figure 8-17 Slips for entering and editing folder namesUsers can create up to 12 folders visible everywhere and 12

CHAPTER 8Newton Services8-20 FilingFigure 8-18 A folder tab allows users to filter a view by folderAt the bottom of a Folder picker, below a solid sepa

CHAPTER 8Newton ServicesFiling 8-21A variation on the plain folder tab includes a digital clock and calendar that a user can tap to display the built-

CHAPTER 8Newton Services8-22 Intelligent AssistantIntelligent Assistant 8The Intelligent Assistant is a system service that attempts to complete actio

CHAPTER 8Newton ServicesIntelligent Assistant 8-23Figure 8-22 The Assist button makes the Assistant try a written action requestInterpreting the Reque

CHAPTER 8Newton Services8-24 Intelligent AssistantThe Assistant matches words regardless of their capitalization. For example, it considers the word “

CHAPTER 8Newton ServicesIntelligent Assistant 8-25Figure 8-23 An Assist slip appears when the Assistant needs more informationAn Assist slip’s Please

CHAPTER 8Newton Services8-26 Intelligent AssistantFigure 8-24 The Assistant’s Please picker lists known actions and recent phrasesThe built-in tasks t

CHAPTER 8Newton ServicesIntelligent Assistant 8-27In addition to the Please picker and an input line, an Assist slip has a How Do I? button in the low

CHAPTER 1Newton and Its UsersKnow Your Audience 1-3using a step-by-step approach by thinking of how a person might get from one place to the next in a

CHAPTER 8Newton Services8-28 HelpBesides providing a means of correcting missing or ambiguous information, a task slip also gives a user one last chan

CHAPTER 8Newton ServicesHelp 8-29Users can also access the built-in help by choosing Help from the Info picker in any built-in application. When acces

CHAPTER 8Newton Services8-30 PreferencesPreferences 8Users can see and change two types of preference settings: system-wide and application-specific.Sy

CHAPTER 8Newton ServicesPreferences 8-31Application Preferences 8Applications provide access to their preference settings through the Info picker (see

CHAPTER 8Newton Services8-32 PreferencesPreferences should be settings that users change infrequently. If you provide choices to users that they will

A-1APPENDIX Avoiding Common Mistakes AThis appendix summarizes what you should do to avoid the top 20 user interface mistakes.Info Button AUse the Inf

APPENDIX Avoiding Common MistakesA-2Picker Placement and Alignment AAlign the top of a picker with the top of its button or label. Make exceptions for

APPENDIX Avoiding Common MistakesA-3Button Size AMake every text button 13 pixels high and center the button’s name vertically. Make the button just w

APPENDIX Avoiding Common MistakesA-4Fonts AUse fonts carefully. For the voice of the system and application use the bold style of the System font in 9

APPENDIX Avoiding Common MistakesA-5Storage AAllow users to move your application’s data between storage locations with the Filing button in the Extra

CHAPTER 1Newton and Its Users1-4 Observe Basic Human Interface PrinciplesMake your application accessible to people around the world by including supp

GL-1 Glossary 9alert box A view that appears on the screen to warn the user or report an error.alert sound An audible warning from the Newton’s spea

GLOSSARY GL-2busy cursor A graphical signal that the system displays automatically while it is temporarily unable to process user input.button A smal

GLOSSARY GL-3context-sensitive Describes an application that can adjust its actions according to the current situation. For example, an application w

GLOSSARY GL-4Extras Drawer A built-in container view that displays named picture buttons a user can tap to open applications.field One item of data i

GLOSSARY GL-5Item Info slip A slip that reports statistics for an item headed by a separator bar. The statistics include the item’s title, type, cre

GLOSSARY GL-6Notepad The built-in application for taking and organizing notes, which may contain text and drawings.notification slip A view that ap

GLOSSARY GL-7point A unit of measurement for type. 1 point equals approximately 1⁄ 72 inch.proto template A predefined template that defines the ap

GLOSSARY GL-8slider A control with a marker that indicates an amount, degree, or value in relation to a range of possible values. The user can adjus

GLOSSARY GL-9user interface The rules and conventions by which a device communicates and interacts with the person operating it.word wrap The auto

CHAPTER 1Newton and Its UsersObserve Basic Human Interface Principles 1-5Figure 1-1 Metaphors help people quickly grasp how software worksNewton doesn

IN-1IndexAAbout box 4-24accessibility 1-3actionongoing 2-23routing 7-8Action button 3-28, 7-8Action pickerapplication commands in 7-10, 7-12building 7

INDEXIN-2position of 2-31slip 2-15status slip 2-20AZ index tabs, in list picker 4-13Bbackdrop application 2-29, 3-11, 7-9Beam command 4-26borderalert

INDEXIN-3list picker item 4-3overview picker item 4-20radio button 3-18view title 2-5caps key 6-35caretgesture for inserting space 6-26moving 6-35text

INDEXIN-4checkbox for 6-7correcting misrecognized text in 6-29defined 6-1drawing input 6-8duplicating in 6-31editing of 6-8, 6-21erasing text or shapes

INDEXIN-5sound 8-6status slip 2-20user testing 1-3views 2-3field labelcapitalization 6-2font 6-2highlighting 4-11position 6-2puncuation 6-2Filing butto

INDEXIN-6Hheader, In/Out Box item 7-4help 4-24, 7-34, 8-27, 8-28hierarchical pickers 4-14highlightingbutton 3-9editing mark 6-22icon 5-10list picker 4

INDEXIN-7routing 7-35task slip 8-27Item Info button 3-29, 7-6Item Info slip 3-29, 7-6Kkeyboardcaps key 6-35character keys 6-34del key 6-35displaying 6

INDEXIN-8size 1-11status bar 2-11title 2-10margins, changing 6-31mask, icon 5-10matte border 2-6, 2-13menu. See list picker; overview pickermessagecon

INDEXIN-9switching to 2-47Overview button 2-46, 2-49overview pickercapitalizing 4-20closing 4-22contents 4-19for data input 6-3defined 4-19font 4-20lis

iiiContents Figures xiii Preface About This Book xxiWho Should Read This Book xxiWhat’s in This Book xxiiRelated Books xxiiVisual Cues Used in This B

CHAPTER 1Newton and Its Users1-6 Observe Basic Human Interface PrinciplesDirect Manipulation 1Your product should let users feel that they are directl

INDEXIN-10positionAction button 3-28auxiliary view 2-31button 3-3close box 3-15Filing button 3-27, 8-15Info button 3-23input field 6-2Item Info button

Rotate button 3-30rotating display. See display orientationroutingSee also In/Out Box; routing slipAction button and picker 7-8alternative methods 7-3

INDEXIN-12Action button on 3-28, 7-10buttons on 3-11defined 2-11Filing button on 3-27, 8-16Item Info button on 3-29picture button on 3-7separator linei

INDEXIN-13redisplaying 2-23, 8-3summarized 2-20user decision in 2-24Stop button 2-23, 3-6, 7-31stopping status slip 2-23storage location 3-27, 8-16, 8

INDEXIN-14type-ahead 6-36typing 6-32Uunacknowledged alarms 8-5undo 6-37universal scroll arrowdefined 2-38list picker 4-12overview picker 4-23usability

INDEXIN-15Zzigzag 6-24zoom 2-48

INDEXIN-16

THE APPLE PUBLISHING SYSTEMThis Apple manual was written, edited, and composed on a desktop publishing system using Apple Macintosh computers and Fram

CHAPTER 1Newton and Its UsersObserve Basic Human Interface Principles 1-7Feedback 1In addition to seeing the results of their actions, users need imme

CHAPTER 1Newton and Its Users1-8 Observe Basic Human Interface PrinciplesYou can make your application consistent visually and behaviorally by incorpo

CHAPTER 1Newton and Its UsersObserve Basic Human Interface Principles 1-9Stability 1Personal digital assistants introduce a new level of complexity fo

CHAPTER 1Newton and Its Users1-10 Design for the Newton SystemDesign for the Newton System 1In addition to the general user interface principles prese

CHAPTER 1Newton and Its UsersDesign for the Newton System 1-11Keep Applications Simple 1Newton isn’t designed for complex tasks or applications that r

CHAPTER 1Newton and Its Users1-12 Design for the Newton Systemget confused about what’s frontmost—and therefore about what will be scrolled when the s

CHAPTER 1Newton and Its UsersInvolve Users in the Design Process 1-13Involve Users in the Design Process 1The best way to make sure your product meets

CHAPTER 1Newton and Its Users1-14 Involve Users in the Design ProcessThen look at how the Newton can facilitate the tasks. To help plan a task analysi

CHAPTER 1Newton and Its UsersInvolve Users in the Design Process 1-15more specific tasks. These tasks can be based on the task analyses that you perfor

iv Use Screen Space Wisely 1-11Check the Screen Size 1-11Involve Users in the Design Process 1-13Define Your Audience 1-13Analyze Tasks 1-13Build Prot

CHAPTER 1Newton and Its Users1-16 Involve Users in the Design Process“If we can locate the trouble spots, then we can go back and improve the product.

CHAPTER 1Newton and Its UsersInvolve Users in the Design Process 1-175. Explain that you will not provide help. It is very important that you allow pa

CHAPTER 1Newton and Its Users1-18 Involve Users in the Design Process7. Ask if there are any questions before you start; then begin the observation.8.

CHAPTER 1Newton and Its UsersInvolve Users in the Design Process 1-19Be sure to schedule time between your sessions to make notes and review the sessi

2-1CHAPTER 2Container Views 2pictThis chapter describes container views, in which an application shows the user text and graphic information, and in w

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-2Figure 2-1 Examples of container viewsCorrector viewMain viewOrdinary slipAlert boxPaletteRouting slip

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsHow Views Look 2-3When people manipulate container views on the screen, they see immediate visual feedback. As a user drags a

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-4 How Views LookFigure 2-2 Standard controls for manipulating viewsView Title 2A container view should have a title at the t

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsHow Views Look 2-5Figure 2-3 Various title stylesThe title only identifies the container view’s contents. The title is not a c

v Close, Stop, or Cancel 2-23User Decision 2-24Palettes 2-24Drawers 2-26Roll Views 2-27How Views Work 2-28Opening Container Views 2-28View Display Or

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-6 How Views LookView Border 2Every container view is framed by a border. (A border is not visible if its view fills the scree

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsHow Views Look 2-7Striped Border 2A border made of pairs of short, slanted lines edged by a thin black rectangle is used aroun

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-8 How Views LookFigure 2-6 An alert box has a thick wavy borderPlain Border 2For simplicity, some container views require a

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsMain Views 2-9reinforces the notion that there are two parts to a routing slip—an outer part above the shadow and an inner par

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-10 Main ViewsApplications are not limited to one main view. The built-in Names File and Date Book applications, for example,

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsMain Views 2-11Primary Controls and Status Bar 2An application’s primary controls go at the bottom of its main view, usually o

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-12 Main ViewsFigure 2-11 Separator bars separate multiple items in a scrolling viewA user creates a separator bar, also call

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsMain Views 2-13The Main View’s Border 2Every application’s main view must have a border, even if the border is not visible bec

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-14 Auxiliary ViewsAuxiliary Views 2When an application needs to display and input more information than will fit in its main

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsAuxiliary Views 2-15An auxiliary view appears in front of the view to which it is subordinate. For details on the customary po

vi Chapter 3 Controls 3-1Buttons 3-2Text Buttons 3-2Text Button Sizes 3-3Naming Text Buttons 3-4Naming Take-Action Buttons 3-4Naming Cancel- and Stop

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-16 Auxiliary ViewsMovable slips should have matte borders, and stationary slips should not. For instance, routing slips are

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsAuxiliary Views 2-17In the absence of a take-action button, a Close box means simply, “I’m done with this task.” Close boxes a

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-18 Auxiliary ViewsFigure 2-17 A Snooze button enables a user to dismiss an alert temporarilyBefore closing a notification al

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsAuxiliary Views 2-19dangerous situation. For example, a confirmation alert appears before Newton restores anything from the bac

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-20 Auxiliary ViewsStatus Slips 2When an application begins an operation that takes more than a few seconds to complete, the

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsAuxiliary Views 2-21A status slip does not take the place of the Newton busy cursor, which appears automatically at the top ce

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-22 Auxiliary ViewsFigure 2-20 A sequence of status messages traces the steps of an operationProgress Indicator 2The progress

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsAuxiliary Views 2-23Figure 2-21 A gauge in a status slip measures elapsing progressClose, Stop, or Cancel 2A status slip usual

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-24 Auxiliary ViewsUser Decision 2Besides reporting on the progress of an ongoing operation, a status slip can report a condi

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsAuxiliary Views 2-25Figure 2-23 A palette provides handy access to useful settingsA palette has a Close box, or a large Close

vii Chapter 4 Pickers 4-1List Pickers 4-2Elements of List Pickers 4-2Check Marks 4-3Icons 4-3Item Names 4-3Table of Items 4-4Unavailable Items 4-5Org

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-26 DrawersDrawers 2A drawer is a container view that slides open and closed at the bottom of the screen or at the bottom of

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsRoll Views 2-27Roll Views 2In a roll view several discrete, fixed-size subviews are arranged one above another like pictures on

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-28 How Views WorkHow Views Work 2Container views provide immediate feedback about actions a user may take, such as opening,

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsHow Views Work 2-29The Backdrop 2A Newton device always has at least one application open, and it is called the backdrop. The

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-30 How Views WorkAlthough modeless views give users more flexibility, modal views have the advantage of being less ambiguous.

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsHow Views Work 2-31If the main view is movable, your application should save its position before closing it, and should reopen

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-32 How Views Workview does not get any pen input from outside the parent’s bounds. These restrictions have no practical effe

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsHow Views Work 2-33Closing a Slip 2A user can close any slip except a confirmation alert by tapping the Close box at the slip’s

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-34 How Views WorkFigure 2-26 Dragging a view’s drag handle moves the viewChanging a View’s Size 2Your application determines

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsHow Views Work 2-35Figure 2-27 Dynamically adjust a view’s position, size, and layout to fit the screenAn application may grow

viii Chapter 5 Icons 5-1Designing Effective Icons 5-1Thinking Up an Icon Image 5-2Make Shapely Icons 5-3Design for the Newton Display 5-3Avoid Text i

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-36 How Views WorkScrolling 2An application that deals with multiple instances of similar information—multiple notes in the N

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsHow Views Work 2-37Scrolling With Scroll Arrows 2A user scrolls information in a view by tapping scroll arrows on a Newton dev

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-38 How Views WorkEach tap on a scroll arrow moves one unit in the chosen direction. Your application determines how much one

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsHow Views Work 2-39Figure 2-31 The universal scroll arrows at the bottom of a MessagePad screenAny view can have its scrolling

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-40 How Views WorkFigure 2-32 How scroll arrows work in the Date Book’s Day viewUsually each tap on a local scroll arrow scro

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsHow Views Work 2-41Local scroll arrows can use color—white or black—to indicate whether scrolling will bring more items or any

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-42 How Views WorkFigure 2-34 A control for scrolling in four directions There’s an alternate four-way scroller that may be b

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsHow Views Work 2-43Automatic Scrolling 2In the discussions of scrolling behavior and appearance in the previous sections, the

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-44 How Views WorkScrolling Performance 2Scrolling the contents of a view can sometimes seem slow. Here are some techniques y

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsHow Views Work 2-45Figure 2-37 How an overview relates to a detail viewAn overview commonly takes the form of a table of conte

ix Shape Input 6-13General Input 6-14Recognition 6-15User Control of Recognition 6-16Deferred Recognition 6-18Forcing Recognition 6-19Configuring Reco

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-46 How Views Workon the selected items with controls in the status bar, such as a Filing button or Action button (see “Prima

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsHow Views Work 2-47Switching to and from an Overview 2To see an overview, a user taps the Newton device’s Overview button. The

CHAPTER 2Container Views2-48 How Views Workdisplayed, causes the normal view of the tapped name to appear; but tapping the right part of the line, whe

CHAPTER 2Container ViewsHow Views Work 2-49Closing an Overview 2Tapping the Close box has the same effect whether a view is displaying item detail or

3-1CHAPTER 3Controls 3Controls are graphic objects that cause instant actions or audible results when the user manipulates them with the pen. Some con

CHAPTER 3Controls3-2 ButtonsButtons 3A button is a small graphic object that performs an action when tapped. The action that the button performs is de

CHAPTER 3ControlsButtons 3-3Text Button Sizes 3A text button should be the same height as the large Close box (described under “Close Boxes” on page 3

CHAPTER 3Controls3-4 ButtonsIf your application has buttons whose names change during the operation of the application, the application must resize th

CHAPTER 3ControlsButtons 3-5Figure 3-4 Name buttons distinctively wherever possibleThere are cases where a button named OK or Yes serves best. You may