Apple Logic Express 7 User Manual

Logic Express 7Reference Manual

10 Preface Logic Reference • Make use of the integrated software instruments, including: ES1 and EXS24 or third-party Audio Unit instruments.

100 Chapter 3 Arrange Window If the Track Protect button is not visible in the Track List, you can switch it on via the Arrange menu View > Trac

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 101 The Arrange channel strip allows you to access all of the mixer channel functions (volume, pan, sends, inserts, and so

102 Chapter 3 Arrange Window The Instrument ParametersThe Instrument’s Object Parameter box is located at the bottom left corner of the Arrange win

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 103 Hiding an InstrumentThe small box to the left of the icon determines whether the instrument appears in the instrument

104 Chapter 3 Arrange Window If the MIDI channel is set to All, you can edit the parameters of the whole multi instrument. A useful facility for gl

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 105 3 Activate the Record button in the Transport bar.4 Move the Song Position Line to the desired song position.5 Select

106 Chapter 3 Arrange Window No ResetIf the box next to the No Reset parameter is checked, no reset messages will be sent to this instrument. This

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 107 MIDI RegionsMIDI Regions are containers for the MIDI events within them. Containers for audio data are referred to as

108 Chapter 3 Arrange Window Deleting MIDI RegionsYou can delete all selected MIDI Regions by clicking on them with the Eraser tool, or by pressing

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 109 Moving RegionsRegions may be moved by grabbing and dragging them with the mouse pointer. You can move Regions along th

Preface Logic Reference 11 The Onscreen Help system—accessible from Logic’s Help menu—is fundamentally the Reference Manuals in electronic form.

110 Chapter 3 Arrange Window AdjustmentUsed to determine whether you want a copy to begin exactly at the end of the original or the previous copy (

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 111 Note: You can make a rhythmic MIDI Region play in “half-time” by stretching it to twice the original length, or in “d

112 Chapter 3 Arrange Window Dividing MIDI RegionsClick on the Scissors (see “The Tools” on page 18) in the Toolbox. Now click-hold on the desired

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 113 Merging MIDI RegionsYou can merge two or more selected MIDI Regions into a single MIDI Region, by clicking on one of t

114 Chapter 3 Arrange Window Muting RegionsOften, when arranging, you’ll want to test musical ideas by muting certain Regions. This is what the Mut

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 115 Naming a RegionClick the Region with the Text tool (see “The Tools” on page 18), and a text input box will appear. Ent

116 Chapter 3 Arrange Window MIDI Region Playback ParametersThe Region Parameter box is located to the left of the track list, above the Toolbox. D

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 117 Editing Several Regions SimultaneouslyIf several Regions are selected, the number of selected Regions is displayed, in

118 Chapter 3 Arrange Window If you want to transpose by octaves, click on the arrows to the right of the Transpose parameter. This opens a pull-do

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 119 DelayValue range: −999 to 9999 ticks. Normal value: 0This parameter alters the time position of selected Regions. Po

120 Chapter 3 Arrange Window • The delay in outputting the voice is not constant as it is dependent on the order of notes arriving serially at the

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 121 The Apply Quantization Settings Destructively (see “Applying the Quantization Settings” on page 122”) command overwrit

122 Chapter 3 Arrange Window Odd QuantizationThe 9-Tuplet setting means novetuplets (1 bar = 9 beats), 7-Tuplet is septuplets (1 bar = 7 beats), 5-

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 123 In the same way, your entire song, including all tracks and Regions, could itself be a folder, appearing as a grey bea

124 Chapter 3 Arrange Window Exiting a FolderTo change to a higher display level of the Arrange window, double-click on the background. Moving Regi

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 125 If the data in the original Region is altered, this immediately affects all aliases of the Region.In fact, this is the

126 Chapter 3 Arrange Window “Don’t Clear” cancels the erase procedure, while “Clear” deletes the Region. If you do this, it makes no sense to keep

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 127 Time and Key Signature EditorThe Time and Key Signature Editor window allows you to copy, move, and delete time signat

128 Chapter 3 Arrange Window • Copied list entries are inserted into the list, and an entry box for the bar position of the first inserted list eve

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 129 Record Enable ButtonAllows you to show/hide the Record Enable buttons.Track Protect ButtonShows/hides the Track Protec

1 13 1 Using Logic The following chapter will guide you through Logic’s basic interface elements, file handling options and common input techn

130 Chapter 3 Arrange Window Instrument and Track Name Stacked on Each OtherIf you zoom in far enough vertically, you will be shown both names, one

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 131 Region DisplayContents Visible in MIDI RegionsIf you vertically zoom the display, you will be able to see the actual e

132 Chapter 3 Arrange Window Reset FunctionsTo switch off stuck notes, click on the MIDI monitor in the Transport window, or hit Stop twice in rapi

4 1334 Audio in the Arrange WindowThis chapter discusses the importing, creation, editing, and handling of Audio Regions in the Arrange window.Yo

134 Chapter 4 Audio in the Arrange Window Multiple File DraggingYou can drag multiple audio files from the Audio window or a Finder window into the

Chapter 4 Audio in the Arrange Window 135 Editing RegionsDividing RegionsWhen you divide a Region using the Scissors tool, you create two new Regio

136 Chapter 4 Audio in the Arrange Window Copying RegionsCreating New RegionsCopies of Audio Regions are made in exactly the same way as MIDI Regio

Chapter 4 Audio in the Arrange Window 137 Moving Audio RegionsYou can grab Audio Regions in the Arrange window with the mouse, and move them around

138 Chapter 4 Audio in the Arrange Window You can edit a Region’s start and endpoints far more accurately with the Sample Editor, which can be open

Chapter 4 Audio in the Arrange Window 139 DelayJust as with MIDI Regions, you can advance or delay the playback of Audio Regions, the smallest avai

14 Chapter 1 Using Logic • If you press Option-Control, the mouse wheel can be used to zoom in/out in both directions. Note: Logic also suppo

140 Chapter 4 Audio in the Arrange Window MIDI and Audio Regions ComparedThe following overview sums up the main differences between Audio and MIDI

Chapter 4 Audio in the Arrange Window 141 Only Audio Regions have the flexible reference point provided by the Anchor.The fundamental functions (su

142 Chapter 4 Audio in the Arrange Window • If you select a MIDI track, you’ll record MIDI events.• If you select an Audio Instrument track, you’ll

Chapter 4 Audio in the Arrange Window 143 Punch-In RecordingYou can actually engage recording while in playback mode—“on the fly”. To do this, star

144 Chapter 4 Audio in the Arrange Window Audio Cycle RecordingYou can make audio recordings even when “Cycle” is switched on. A new track is creat

Chapter 4 Audio in the Arrange Window 145 Stereo RecordingsFor information on creating stereo recordings, please read the appropriate Mixers, Effec

146 Chapter 4 Audio in the Arrange Window Construct a Cycle in the Arrange window Bar Ruler. Set the length to match the intended musical length of

Chapter 4 Audio in the Arrange Window 147 • The two resulting mixdown files would be identical to the original audio files (in the areas used for t

148 Chapter 4 Audio in the Arrange Window There are two parameters:Crossfade Time [ms]: This is the length of the entire crossfade. To switch off

Chapter 4 Audio in the Arrange Window 149 Freeze was made for very CPU-intensive processes, which are generally (from higher to lower demand) outli

Chapter 1 Using Logic 15 Using the Mouse for In/Decrementing Nearly all parameter values that can be set using the mouse as a slider (and even

150 Chapter 4 Audio in the Arrange Window Freeze files are always rendered between the song start and end marks—it is recommended that you check th

Chapter 4 Audio in the Arrange Window 151 It is also not possible to record audio on frozen tracks. In fact, the Record button will be hidden when

5 1535 The EnvironmentThe Environment is Logic’s “brain”. It allows you to control all MIDI input and output.Beyond basic input and output handli

154 Chapter 5 The Environment Opening the Environment WindowTo open an Environment window, select Windows > Environment (default key command: C

Chapter 5 The Environment 155 Creating LayersSelecting **Create!** from the layer pull-down menu creates a new, empty layer called “(unnamed)”, at

156 Chapter 5 The Environment Protecting Cabling and Object PositionsYou can prevent the accidental alteration of the position, size, and cable con

Chapter 5 The Environment 157 Snapping Objects to a GridSelect View > Snap Positions to align the Objects to an invisible grid. It’s a good idea

158 Chapter 5 The Environment Assigning an Object to the Selected TrackYou can assign any Environment Object to the selected Arrange window track b

Chapter 5 The Environment 159 The MIDI Signal PathBefore any MIDI events received at your computer’s MIDI inputs can be recorded by Logic, there mu

16 Chapter 1 Using Logic Text Input You can input text names in the same way as numbers, but you only need to click a name field once to allow

160 Chapter 5 The Environment Breaking the Direct Output AssignmentTo break the direct output assignment, set the Port parameter to off, the top en

Chapter 5 The Environment 161 A cable connection to another layer looks like this:Deleting CablesTo remove a cable connection, click the cable with

162 Chapter 5 The Environment To select a common destination for several existing cables, first select the cables. (If the cables are already leadi

Chapter 5 The Environment 163 If the box is not checked, the Object will not appear in the Instrument List, and a diagonal line through the icon is

164 Chapter 5 The Environment Prg, Vol, and Pan The Prg, Vol, and Pan parameters transmit program changes, volume controller (#7) and pan controlle

Chapter 5 The Environment 165 No TransposeIf the box next to the No Transpose parameter is checked, all Regions on any tracks played by this instru

166 Chapter 5 The Environment Multi-instruments have 15 name banks—each of which will hold 128 preset names. If the multi-instrument’s program para

Chapter 5 The Environment 167 Activating and Selecting Sub-ChannelsTo select a sub-channel for a specific MIDI channel number, click the appropriat

168 Chapter 5 The Environment Multi Instrument WindowDouble-clicking on a multi-instrument opens the multi-instrument window:Name and Short NameAt

Chapter 5 The Environment 169 If the Prg box in the selected sub-channel’s Parameter box is checked, you can send a program change message by selec

Chapter 1 Using Logic 17 You can change the currently active tool by clicking on another tool in the Toolbox. The mouse pointer then adopts the

170 Chapter 5 The Environment The letter in parentheses next to the bank number allows you to control the order of transmission, when a bank select

Chapter 5 The Environment 171 A mapped instrument is useful for drum programming. It is used just like a standard instrument, but has the following

172 Chapter 5 The Environment Most of the GM Mixer’s set up is done in the mixer itself, but there are also a few parameters in its Parameter box.

Chapter 5 The Environment 173 Monitor ObjectThe monitor Object displays all MIDI events passing through it, and retains the last 32 such events. Yo

174 Chapter 5 The Environment Arpeggiator ObjectThe arpeggiator turns chords into arpeggios. It plays the currently held notes—individuallyin a sel

Chapter 5 The Environment 175 • Rand: Notes play in random order• All: All notes play at once (useful when repeat is on)Vel (+1)Velocity values o

176 Chapter 5 The Environment Delay Line ObjectThe delay line echoes MIDI events passing through it—at intervals ranging from one tick to 256 whole

Chapter 5 The Environment 177 Physical Input/Sequencer Input ObjectsThe physical input Object represents the physical inputs of your MIDI interface

178 Chapter 5 The Environment MIDI Metronome ClickThe MIDI metronome click Object is used to create note events at bar, beat, and division interval

Chapter 5 The Environment 179 This software synth is 16-part multi-timbral. As usual, you can switch sounds via program changes; these are arranged

18 Chapter 1 Using Logic Using Key Commands Each tool can be selected via a specific key command. Key commands that switch to a specific tool t

180 Chapter 5 The Environment • Playback mode: use this mode when playing back MIDI tracks via ReWire. This setting requires less CPU power.• Live

Chapter 5 The Environment 181 FadersFaders—OverviewTo create a new fader, select New > Fader > … A sub-menu appears, where you may select the

182 Chapter 5 The Environment The text-style fader behaves like a pop-up menu. If double-clicked, a window will open, allowing you to enter text fo

Chapter 5 The Environment 183 Special FunctionsGrouping FadersIf you select several faders and move one of them, all selected faders will move prop

184 Chapter 5 The Environment Fader StylesThe fader’s style is shown in the line under the icon. It can be changed by clicking on the current style

Chapter 5 The Environment 185 TextText faders function like Numerical faders, but can display text for each of the 128 possible MIDI values (0 to 1

186 Chapter 5 The Environment Fader Functions: MIDI EventsEach fader has an In and an Out definition. The In definition determines the types of MI

Chapter 5 The Environment 187 Note OnThe -1- parameter sets the pitch, and the fader position sets the velocity. This is most useful as an In defin

188 Chapter 5 The Environment NumThe fader value is displayed directly as a number (0 to 127).PanFader value 64 is displayed as “0”; smaller values

Chapter 5 The Environment 189 14 BitUsed in conjunction with pitch bend, this allows 2-byte (fine tuning) pitch bend events. Used with controller m

Chapter 1 Using Logic 19 Pencil The Pencil is used to add new Regions. You can also select, drag, and alter the length of Regions while the Pen

6 1916 Logic’s Mixing Facilities Logic provides you with different Mixer windows, designed to make mixing a painless and intuitive process.Logic’

192 Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities Audio MixerThe Audio Mixer is one of the Environment layers in the default song (the template loaded by Log

Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities 193 ConnectionsThe signal within the various Audio Objects requires no cabling, or any kind of manual connectio

194 Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities When you select Audio Object types, you’ll notice the following text styles are used:• Outline: This indic

Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities 195 • Mute: Click the Mute button on any selected channel. The Mute buttons of all selected channels will swit

196 Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities Elements of the Audio ObjectHere is an overview of all Audio Object elements. The list shows what elements

Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities 197 More information about the parameters of the Channel EQ can be found in the Logic Pro 7 Plug-In Reference.

198 Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities As there are obviously different classes of Audio Objects, a number of sub-folders (Audio, Instrument, Aux,

Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities 199 Post and Pre Fader Aux SendsSends in analog mixers are positioned either before (“pre”) or after (“post”) t

 Apple Computer, Inc.© 2004 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part,

20 Chapter 1 Using Logic Glue ToolThe Glue tool performs the reverse operation of the Scissors tool. All selected Regions are merged into a single

200 Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities Output RoutingThe slot directly below the Input slot determines where the signal of the Audio Object (mixer

Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities 201 The playback level is also displayed to the left of the track number in the Arrange window, if View > Tr

202 Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities When multiple Audio Objects are selected, changing their level by moving one fader is dB-proportional. The

Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities 203 Control-clicking an inactive solo switch makes an Audio Object “solo safe”. This prevents it from being mut

204 Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities Any combination of stereo and mono recordings is permitted. As an example, you can set both tracks 1 and 2

Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities 205 2 Set the parameters in the Bounce dialog window (see below).3 Press the Bounce button in the Bounce dialog

206 Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities • Offline: Accelerates the bounce process—depending on the complexity of your arrangement and available CP

Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities 207 MP3 Options in the Bounce Dialog WindowLogic allows the bouncing of MP3 (MPEG-2-Layer-3) format files. This

208 Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities Filter Frequencies Below 10 HzWhen this option is checked, frequencies below 10 Hz (which are usually not r

Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities 209 AAC Sound SettingsCompressorSelects the compression algorithm used for AAC encoding. By default, this is MP

Chapter 1 Using Logic 21 During operations involving events, the help tag looks something like this: From left to right, the values indicate: (nam

210 Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities Burn OptionsLogic can directly burn Red Book audio to blank CDs.Should the selected sample rate be higher t

Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities 211 Audio Object TypesThe following section introduces you to Logic’s different Audio Object types.Track Object

212 Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities It is possible to combine pre-processing and monitoring with effects. You can, for example, destructively r

Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities 213 Audio Instrument ObjectThe Instrument Object allows you to use virtual Software Instruments within Logic. C

214 Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities The Audio Instrument Object features the following elements (see “Elements of the Audio Object” on page 196

Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities 215 As an example, if a channel is called “Mix”, it has no specific function related to that name as far as Log

216 Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities Output Objects also provide the Bounce (see “Bounce” on page 204) function, which can be used for either; r

Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities 217 Effects such as reverb and delay are generally used as bus inserts. These Bus Objects are usually addressed

218 Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities Aux channels can also be displayed in the Track Mixer. Note: If the Aux channels are used as tracks in the

Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities 219 Display ModesThe Track Mixer has two display modes: Global and Track view.In Global view, all MIDI instrum

22 Chapter 1 Using Logic Window ButtonsThe three buttons found at the top left of all windows (except the Transport) perform the following operatio

220 Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities The Global view can display tracks that don’t exist in the current arrangement or recording folder. In this

Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities 221 Note: If the current Track Mixer view does not contain the Output or Bus Object, Global view will automati

222 Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities Extended GM, GS, and XG FunctionsIn addition to the GM Standard, there are extended standards created by Ro

Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities 223 MuteThe Mute button switches the volume of the channel between zero and the current fader position. In prac

224 Chapter 6 Logic’s Mixing Facilities LPF Frequency (Controller Number 74)This knob controls the overtone content of the sound. Higher values mak

7 2257 AutomationLogic features a very sophisticated, yet simple to use, track-based automation system that allows you to create and play back fu

226 Chapter 7 Automation There are three ways of writing and editing automation data in a track:• Moving the on-screen faders and controls using di

Chapter 7 Automation 227 Track Based AutomationDisplaySelect View > Track Automation to display Track Based Automation data in the Arrange windo

228 Chapter 7 Automation Viewing Multiple ParametersBackground Display of Other ParametersThe background of the automation track shows all other au

Chapter 7 Automation 229 LatchLatch basically works like Touch, but the current value will replace any existing automation data, after releasing th

Chapter 1 Using Logic 23 Clicking the UDL button in the Event List moves you up one level in the hierarchy, just like the other editors. In the Eve

230 Chapter 7 Automation Switching Automation Modes for All Channels SimultaneouslyHold Command when switching the mode of a channel strip, and all

Chapter 7 Automation 231 Editing of Track Automation Data in an Event ListLogic allows Track Automation data to be edited in a dedicated event edit

232 Chapter 7 Automation Automation Quick AccessThis feature makes Track Automation extremely fast and simple if you only have one hardware MIDI co

Chapter 7 Automation 233 • Moving any Environment Fader (see “Recording and Playback of Fader Movements” on page 183) records the fader’s MIDI even

234 Chapter 7 Automation Hyper Draw for RegionsRegion Automation is switched on for the selected Region by choosing a certain event type via View &

Chapter 7 Automation 235 • A long Shift-click allows a rubber-band selection. The selected area will toggle.• Moved automation data will automatica

236 Chapter 7 Automation MIDI ChannelThe View > Hyper Draw > Channel … menu item allows you to define the MIDI channel used for event display

Chapter 7 Automation 237 Moving from Region Data to Track AutomationMove Current Region Data To Track AutomationMoves the currently visible Region

8 2398 Global TracksGlobal Tracks provide a perfect way to view and edit global events, such as Tempo, which affect all tracks in the arrangement

24 Chapter 1 Using Logic Use the Page Up, Page Down, Page Left, and Page Right key commands to scroll one page up, down, left, or right, as if you

240 Chapter 8 Global Tracks Display Options for Global TracksGlobal tracks are displayed or hidden by repeated use of the View > Global Tracks m

Chapter 8 Global Tracks 241 Selecting and Moving Global EventsGlobal events are selected with a simple click, and are moved and/or changed by dragg

242 Chapter 8 Global Tracks Tempo TrackThe Tempo track displays tempo changes as nodes: dots connected by lines. By default, these dots are follow

Chapter 8 Global Tracks 243 To delete a tempo curve:mClick the handling node (at the tip of the right angle) with the Eraser tool, or double-click

244 Chapter 8 Global Tracks Signature TrackThe Signature track shows all time and key signatures of a song. These can be created in either the Scor

Chapter 8 Global Tracks 245 Handling Signature ChangesEvents on the Signature track can be selected, moved, deleted, and copied (drag them while pr

246 Chapter 8 Global Tracks Note: All Apple Loops and MIDI Regions will be pitch-shifted accordingly. MIDI Regions will only be transposed if the

Chapter 8 Global Tracks 247 The scale range for the display of transposition events is adjusted automatically: The upper and lower boundaries of t

9 2499 Audio WindowThe Audio window provides an overview of all audio files used in the current song. It also offers a number of simple editing a

Chapter 1 Using Logic 25 Clicking on the more closely spaced bars will reduce the zoom level. Clicking on the widely spaced bars will increase the

250 Chapter 9 Audio Window By default, recordings made in Logic are stored in the Sound Designer II format. You can change the recording format to

Chapter 9 Audio Window 251 Regions can be moved with the mouse into the Arrange window. The portion of the audio file represented by the Region is

252 Chapter 9 Audio Window Playing From a Specific PositionClick-hold the desired Region in the waveform display with the mouse. Playback starts at

Chapter 9 Audio Window 253 DisplayThe Audio ListThe list provides an overview of all audio files used in the current song, and the Regions derived

254 Chapter 9 Audio Window Show Length as… > Bars/Beats…The Region is displayed in musical units: bars:beats:divisions:ticks.If the tempo, time

Chapter 9 Audio Window 255 The Waveform Display Outside the RegionLogic defaults to showing the waveforms outside the defined Region area in light

256 Chapter 9 Audio Window Double-clicking this window opens a dialog box that offers the following options:• If you stop the calculation by clicki

Chapter 9 Audio Window 257 Edit CommandsAll standard edit commands are available in the Audio window. As usual, they only apply to the currently se

258 Chapter 9 Audio Window Deleting a RegionYou can use the Eraser tool to delete one or more Regions. If any of these Regions exist in the Arrange

Chapter 9 Audio Window 259 Making Fine AdjustmentsThe graphic display in the Audio window is optimized for quick and simple organization of audio f

26 Chapter 1 Using Logic Concealing/Revealing the ParametersThe View > Parameters function allows you to display or remove the entire area (whic

260 Chapter 9 Audio Window File AdministrationRecord FileDefining the Record PathEvery recording in the Arrange window creates a new audio file. To

Chapter 9 Audio Window 261 Maximum Recording Time (Recommended): xxx MinutesThis parameter defines the maximum recording time for new audio files,

262 Chapter 9 Audio Window When You Enter the Recording Time Remember…The display of the remaining memory and the maximum recording time depends on

Chapter 9 Audio Window 263 You can also drag and drop audio files from the Finder directly into the Arrange. A corresponding entry will automatical

264 Chapter 9 Audio Window Further File FunctionsSaving a Region as an Individual Audio FileIf you want to create one (or more) independent audio f

Chapter 9 Audio Window 265 Be very careful when using this function. A different song may use the same audio files. The next time you start the oth

266 Chapter 9 Audio Window The use of DOS-formatted hard disks with your Mac OS computer is not recommended, as its audio performance is significan

Chapter 9 Audio Window 267 Converting Different Split Stereo FormatsLogic treats audio files with a name that ends in “.L” or “.R” as stereo files.

268 Chapter 9 Audio Window SearchThe current volume is searched for filenames. If the search is unsuccessful, Logic asks you if you want to search

Chapter 9 Audio Window 269 Varipitch/Varispeed SynchronizationThe real time sample rate conversion facility allows Logic’s audio engine to follow a

Chapter 1 Using Logic 27 Window TypesThere are two different types of windows in Logic: normal windows and float windows. The contents of all wind

10 27110 Audio DriversTo use particular audio hardware with Logic, the hardware’s driver needs to be activated and configured correctly. This cha

272 Chapter 10 Audio Drivers EnableClick this box to enable the Core Audio driver. Note: In situations where the preferred hardware is unavailable

Chapter 10 Audio Drivers 273 Universal Track ModeUniversal Track Mode allows you to play back adjacent stereo and mono Regions on a single track. E

274 Chapter 10 Audio Drivers ReWire BehaviorWhen sending MIDI data to a ReWire compatible software instrument, you can choose between four modes:•

11 27511 Sample EditorThe Sample Editor is used to perform extremely precise destructive edits on audio files.The Sample Editor features a number

276 Chapter 11 Sample Editor Opening the Sample Edit WindowThere are various ways of opening a Sample Edit window:• Select Audio > Sample Editor

Chapter 11 Sample Editor 277 DisplayWaveform OverviewBetween the Sample Edit window’s title strip and Bar Ruler, you’ll see the overview. This disp

278 Chapter 11 Sample Editor Link ModeLink mode ensures that any Audio Regions selected in the Arrange window are displayed in the Sample Edit wind

Chapter 11 Sample Editor 279 View > SMPTE TimeShows the scale in SMPTE time (in Hours:Minutes:Seconds: Frames). The time scale begins at the so

28 Chapter 1 Using Logic Float WindowsFloat windows are so named because they always “float” in the foreground, even above the topped normal window

280 Chapter 11 Sample Editor Display Waveform as Sample BitsYou can switch from the usual representation of the waveform, to one that shows the str

Chapter 11 Sample Editor 281 Playback From a Certain PositionIf you double-click at any position on the time axis, the audio file will play back fr

282 Chapter 11 Sample Editor GoTo CommandsThe scroll bars along the bottom and right edges of the Sample Edit window scroll through the detailed wa

Chapter 11 Sample Editor 283 The start point and length are displayed in a separate help tag while making a selection. The format is sample words.T

284 Chapter 11 Sample Editor Editing Regions in the Sample EditorIf accuracy is what you need, you should edit the start and end points of Regions

Chapter 11 Sample Editor 285 Editing CommandsThe Sample Edit window features the usual Cut, Copy, Paste, Clear, and Undo commands in the Edit menu

286 Chapter 11 Sample Editor Note: As normalization is generally the last step in sample editing, this parameter (if active) can destroy the undo

Chapter 11 Sample Editor 287 Audio File > Revert to BackupThis function completely replaces the current audio file with the backup (provided one

288 Chapter 11 Sample Editor FunctionsThis section describes various Sample Edit window functions that are ideal for polishing audio recordings. Yo

Chapter 11 Sample Editor 289 If you click on Search Maximum, the highest peak level is determined, and a value is then calculated for use when norm

Chapter 1 Using Logic 29 If the button featuring the walking man is lit, the window’s display follows the song position as the song plays. If the b

290 Chapter 11 Sample Editor ReverseFunctions > Reverse reverses the selected audio passage.TrimFunctions > Trim erases all Regions that aren

Chapter 11 Sample Editor 291 Digital FactoryOperationThe Digital Factory functions are accessed via the Sample Edit window’s Factory menu.• Open th

292 Chapter 11 Sample Editor Time and Pitch MachineThe Time Machine allows you to radically alter the time structure of audio files, including time

Chapter 11 Sample Editor 293 TempoTempo in bpm (beats per minute). Make sure you set the right length in bars, or the correct original tempo will n

294 Chapter 11 Sample Editor Also remember that the quality of the result depends greatly on the source material.Don’t let this keep you from exper

Chapter 11 Sample Editor 295 Audio EnergizerThe purpose of the Audio Energizer is to increase the perceived volume of audio material, while alterin

296 Chapter 11 Sample Editor The Attack and Release parameters control the steepness of the algorithm’s filter. You can try increasing these values

12 29712 Event ListThe Event List displays MIDI data in the form of an alphanumerical “list”, combining all of the data editing functions of the

298 Chapter 12 Event List You can also open it by double-clicking on a Region if you have selected Double-clicking a MIDI Region opens Event List i

Chapter 12 Event List 299 DisplayThe event type buttons allow you to “filter” the display, removing individual event types from the Event List, lim

3 1 Contents Preface 9 Logic Reference 9 What Is Logic?10 About This Manual Chapter 1 13 Using Logic 13 Using the Mouse14 Input Options16 Tool

30 Chapter 1 Using Logic You could also use Contents Link mode in an Arrange window, to display the contents of the folders in another Arrange wind

300 Chapter 12 Event List OperationScrollingClicking either of the scroll arrows moves the display up or down by one event. The event at the positi

Chapter 12 Event List 301 Event EditingAdding EventsTo add an event, click on the desired event type button with the pencil (or any other tool, whi

302 Chapter 12 Event List Flexible Relative Value AlterationIf you want to continue altering a parameter value in a multiple selection (even if one

Chapter 12 Event List 303 StatusThis is where you can see the event type, as specified by the status byte of a MIDI message. You cannot directly ed

304 Chapter 12 Event List … on Arrange LevelWhen you click on the UDL button, or double-click the background area above or below the list entries (

Chapter 12 Event List 305 Event Type StructureNote EventsNumMIDI note number (note #). The range is from C-2 (note #: 0) to G8 (note #: 127). Mid

306 Chapter 12 Event List Program Change EventsProgram change events can be transmitted to connected MIDI devices for patch selection. These may be

Chapter 12 Event List 307 Pitchbend EventsPitch bend events are used to continuously vary the pitch. They are usually generated by a centered pitch

308 Chapter 12 Event List ValValue of the controller. Continuous controllers have a range of 0 to 127. Switch controllers (#64—#90), transfer only

Chapter 12 Event List 309 SysEx EventsSystem Exclusive Data (SysEx) is exclusive to individual MIDI devices. You can record these events using the

Chapter 1 Using Logic 31 Copying ScreensetsTo copy the current Screenset to a destination Screenset, hold down Shift when you switch Screensets. Tw

310 Chapter 12 Event List Event Float WindowThe event float window can be accessed from most other windows.Select Options > Event Float (or the

13 31113 Hyper EditorThe Hyper Editor is a graphical editor that can be used to create or edit MIDI note and controller data.This editor is uniqu

312 Chapter 13 Hyper Editor StructureThe structure of the Hyper Editor window resembles that of the Arrange window: there is the horizontal Bar Ru

Chapter 13 Hyper Editor 313 Hyper > Create Hyper Set For Current Events creates a new hyper set, consisting of the the currently selected event

314 Chapter 13 Hyper Editor Creating Event DefinitionsCreating an Event DefinitionWhen you select Hyper > Create Event Definition, a new event d

Chapter 13 Hyper Editor 315 Copy/Convert Event DefinitionsHyper Sets: Copying Event DefinitionsSelect the event definition that you want to copy, a

316 Chapter 13 Hyper Editor Event Definition Parameter BoxThe Event Definition Parameter box is where you make the settings for the currently selec

Chapter 13 Hyper Editor 317 Beam WidthYou can set the width of the event beams from 1 to 16, using the Pen-width parameter. Regardless of the beam

318 Chapter 13 Hyper Editor First Data ByteThe bottom line shows the -1- parameter, where you can determine the first data byte of the displayed ev

Chapter 13 Hyper Editor 319 Hi Hat ModeIn hi hat mode, event definitions can be grouped together. Only one event from each group can be played at a

32 Chapter 1 Using Logic Window Management FunctionsThe Windows > Tile Windows function tiles all open windows, and makes them all the same size

320 Chapter 13 Hyper Editor Moving and Copying EventsWhen moving selected events, you also need to hold down Shift.To copy events, use Option as pe

Chapter 13 Hyper Editor 321 This creates one event at every grid value. With very flat slopes, or very fine grids, the individual grid positions re

14 32314 Matrix EditorThe Matrix Editor allows MIDI note events to be handled in much the same fashion as Regions in the Arrange window.This edit

324 Chapter 14 Matrix Editor Opening the Matrix EditorTo open a Matrix Editor window that shows the contents of the selected MIDI Region, select Wi

Chapter 14 Matrix Editor 325 If you change the velocity of MIDI notes with the V tool, you will notice that the color of selected notes changes in

326 Chapter 14 Matrix Editor Moving NotesYou can move selected notes by grabbing them (near the middle) and dragging them. If you move notes vertic

Chapter 14 Matrix Editor 327 Making Notes the Same LengthIf you want to make several selected notes the same length, hold down Option-Shift (as in

15 32915 Score EditorThe Score Editor offers extensive score layout and printing facilities, allowing the transcription of everything from simple

Chapter 1 Using Logic 33 The contents of the Clipboard are added at the current song position (if they are events or Regions). The song position is

330 Chapter 15 Score Editor • As a MIDI editor for users who prefer to use traditional music notation as an interface for MIDI sequencing. Input, e

Chapter 15 Score Editor 331 Elements of the Score Edit WindowHere’s an overview of the Score Edit window’s elements.Along the Left-Hand Side:Along

332 Chapter 15 Score Editor Positioning the SPL Directly in the ScoreThe Song Position Line can be set directly in the Score window by Option-click

Chapter 15 Score Editor 333 The Part Box contains a number of symbols that can be inserted into the score by dragging them into position with the m

334 Chapter 15 Score Editor An alias can be assigned a different Score Style than its parent Region. As an example, a melody played in unison by se

Chapter 15 Score Editor 335 When you open a new Score window with several MIDI Regions selected in the Arrange window, an Instrument Set will autom

336 Chapter 15 Score Editor • Stem direction, tie direction, and beaming, independent of the settings in the Score Style being used.• Display as an

Chapter 15 Score Editor 337 You can jump directly to any page, using the Go to Page key command, when working in Page view mode. The Song Position

338 Chapter 15 Score Editor Parameters Hides/Shows the left column of the Score window (Display Parameter box, Event Parameter box, Part box, and s

Chapter 15 Score Editor 339 • Explode Folders (see “View Menu” on page 336) on or off• Explode Polyphony (see “View Menu” on page 336) on or off• H

34 Chapter 1 Using Logic Selecting Several ObjectsTo select several non-contiguous objects, hold down Shift as you click them. As subsequent object

340 Chapter 15 Score Editor • Extended Layout Parameters• Numbers & Names• Guitar Tablature…• Text Styles…• Score Styles… (see “Basics” on page

Chapter 15 Score Editor 341 PrintoutIt is important that you first choose the appropriate paper size and format in the File > Page Setup menu. T

342 Chapter 15 Score Editor Graphic ExportThere are two ways to export Logic’s notation into other programs, as graphic images:PICT Export Using th

Chapter 15 Score Editor 343 Realtime MIDI RecordingAlthough real time MIDI recording is usually done in the Arrange window, you can also start reco

344 Chapter 15 Score Editor • Simultaneous step input into several Regions is not possible. If more than one MIDI Region is selected, the notes wil

Chapter 15 Score Editor 345 MIDI Channel and Velocity of Inserted ObjectsThe MIDI channel and velocity of objects inserted with the mouse are deter

346 Chapter 15 Score Editor You can move any note, and most symbols, to any desired position, by editing its numeric bar position in the Event List

Chapter 15 Score Editor 347 Make sure that the bar position really is identical to the graphic display position when inserting symbols. As an examp

348 Chapter 15 Score Editor Hyper Draw can only be activated in Linear view, and when a single MIDI Region is displayed. If you switch to another m

Chapter 15 Score Editor 349 Note: To select an object, you can also click-hold on one of the squares that represent the Part box groups: a pull-d

Chapter 1 Using Logic 35 General Functions of the EditorsLogic’s MIDI editors allow the editing of events (MIDI messages). Logic’s MIDI editors inc

350 Chapter 15 Score Editor • Part box 1/8 Note• Part box 1/16 Note• Part box 1/32 NoteIf you execute any of these twice in succession, the corresp

Chapter 15 Score Editor 351 NotesThe square that represents notes, in the top section of the Part box, is divided into three parts. This is because

352 Chapter 15 Score Editor Changing the Way Notes With Ties Are DisplayedIf you don’t like the way particular tied notes are displayed, you can ch

Chapter 15 Score Editor 353 Hide Numbers: the N-tuplet’s number will not be printed. It will be displayed in parentheses onscreen. This is necessa

354 Chapter 15 Score Editor Editing Automatically Displayed TripletsTriplets are usually displayed automatically (depending on the Qua parameter in

Chapter 15 Score Editor 355 • If you want to insert an Independent Note directly, Option-select a note with the mouse from the Part box, and drag i

356 Chapter 15 Score Editor When you insert a “C-clef”, please watch the Help Tag carefully, as this clef can be positioned at five different heigh

Chapter 15 Score Editor 357 Note HeadsIf you drag one of these symbols onto a note (watch the Help Tag: the destination note must be indicated), t

358 Chapter 15 Score Editor Quick Assignment With Key Commands Some symbols feature user-definable key commands (see “Key Commands” on page 36), wh

Chapter 15 Score Editor 359 Slurs, CrescendiInputInsert these objects at the intended (left) starting point. They can then be edited to their desir

36 Chapter 1 Using Logic To apply the same quantization value to another series of selected events (even in other editor windows), select Functions

360 Chapter 15 Score Editor Change of LengthAll of these symbols can be as long as desired, and can be displayed across line and page breaks, in se

Chapter 15 Score Editor 361 Precise PositioningIt’s advisable to work at high zoom levels when positioning slurs. You can quickly switch to an extr

362 Chapter 15 Score Editor Deleting a Key Signature ChangeThis is done by either clicking directly on the key signature change with the eraser too

Chapter 15 Score Editor 363 Compound Time SignaturesApart from 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, 6/8 and the alternative display options for 4/4 and 2/2, there are al

364 Chapter 15 Score Editor The display of time signatures and time signature changes is also dependent on the Layout > Clefs & Signatures s

Chapter 15 Score Editor 365 1st and 2nd EndingsFollowing the insertion of one of the repeat endings, text entry mode is automatically activated. Th

366 Chapter 15 Score Editor Rests, Bar Repeat SignsAutomatic Rest DisplayRests are displayed automatically in Logic. This is done in a way whereby

Chapter 15 Score Editor 367 “Church rests” (the older form of display) default to a length value of 2 bars. The default length of “normal” multi ba

368 Chapter 15 Score Editor D.S., D.C., Segno, Coda SignsThese symbols can be inserted at any position in the score. They are graphic symbols, and

Chapter 15 Score Editor 369 Move, Copy, and PasteMoving or copying of complete Regions (or major parts of a MIDI Region) should generally be done i

Chapter 1 Using Logic 37 Special KeysSome keys have special functions:• The Shift, Control, Option, and Command modifier keys can only be used in c

370 Chapter 15 Score Editor Via the ClipboardThese functions work the same way as in many other software programs, and in other Logic windows.Paste

Chapter 15 Score Editor 371 This is the ideal method for copying an entire musical phrase, including all symbols, to the staves of other instrument

372 Chapter 15 Score Editor Pulling the note to the right or left changes the displayed distance from the adjacent notes or rests. The bar position

Chapter 15 Score Editor 373 Vert.pos/hor.pos • vert.pos determines the height/vertical position. Zero means a position exactly on the top line of t

374 Chapter 15 Score Editor There are also key commands that set the vert.pos and hor.pos parameters of all selected objects to the same value:• Al

Chapter 15 Score Editor 375 The Display Parameter box settings not only affect the display of notes recorded in real time, but also that of notes i

376 Chapter 15 Score Editor • Clicking on the title line in the Event Parameter box selects all Regions that are visible in the current display.• C

Chapter 15 Score Editor 377 Qua—Display QuantizationThis parameter determines the shortest note value that can be displayed in the currently select

378 Chapter 15 Score Editor A few examples: a global value of 1/8 will result in an 8,12 Qua setting for new Regions, a global value of 1/12 will

Chapter 15 Score Editor 379 SyncopationIf Syncopation is switched on, each (MIDI) note will be notated as one graphic note (not displayed as severa

38 Chapter 1 Using Logic Key Commands ListIn the list shown to the left of the Key Commands window, the following applies:• Groups can be extended

380 Chapter 15 Score Editor No Overlap should only be deactivated in rare cases. If, for example, a piano player arpeggiates a chord and holds the

Chapter 15 Score Editor 381 • For polyphonic, multi-staff Score Styles: configuration of brackets and bar lines that connect the staves.For every

382 Chapter 15 Score Editor Predefined StylesHere is a complete list of Logic’s preset Score Styles, and their parameters:Working With Score Styles

Chapter 15 Score Editor 383 Reminder: Regions that directly follow each other (without gaps) on the same Arrange window track, are displayed as on

384 Chapter 15 Score Editor Name Box/Style SelectorThe field below the Toolbox shows the name of the currently selected Score Style. Click-hold it

Chapter 15 Score Editor 385 Handling Score StylesCopying Score Styles Between SongsAt some point, you’ll probably want to use Score Styles that exi

386 Chapter 15 Score Editor • directly in the Score window, by using the Style pull-down menu in the Display Parameter box, again selecting “***DUP

Chapter 15 Score Editor 387 These editing procedures change the settings of the corresponding Score Style. This means that all Regions which use th

388 Chapter 15 Score Editor Note: The abovementioned Automatic Key Transposition option has a similar effect on the whole song. At a song level, h

Chapter 15 Score Editor 389 Editing Two-Stave Score Styles(2 staves, with one Voice in each)The most obvious example of a multi-staff Score Style i

Chapter 1 Using Logic 39 Printing a Key Command ListThe Options > Copy Key Commands to Clipboard function copies the key commands into the Clipb

390 Chapter 15 Score Editor Voice Separation MethodAdditional staves are always treated as additional Voices. There are two different methods for a

Chapter 15 Score Editor 391 • Changing the MIDI channel using the Nudge Event Channel +1 and Nudge Event Channel −1 key commands. Hint: these can

392 Chapter 15 Score Editor Editing Single-Staff Polyphonic Styles (With Several Independent Voices)Polyphonic Score Styles are required when rhyth

Chapter 15 Score Editor 393 Reminder: if you want to record an additional Voice into an existing MIDI Region, select the Region, and activate the

394 Chapter 15 Score Editor An advantage of this approach is that you don’t need to worry about MIDI channels during recording or input, and notes

Chapter 15 Score Editor 395 To change the Voice assignments for the notes in the lower staff, you can either; use the Voice Separation Tool to draw

396 Chapter 15 Score Editor Copying Voices or StavesCopying Voices or Staves Into Other Score StylesThe Copy and Paste commands (Edit menu or key c

Chapter 15 Score Editor 397 GroupEach MIDI note can be assigned to a Drum Group via a pull-down menu. A number of groups are pre-defined for the mo

398 Chapter 15 Score Editor • The Staves-Voices-Drum Groups hierarchy runs from left to right, and is shown by horizontal lines, which indicate the

Chapter 15 Score Editor 399 Reset Note AttributesThis command (Attributes menu or key command) resets all Note Attributes to their default settings

4 Contents 101 MIDI Instruments107 MIDI Regions116 MIDI Region Playback Parameters120 Quantization122 Folders124 Aliases127 Time and Key Signature Ed

40 Chapter 1 Using Logic Find FunctionThe Find field is used to find key commands by name or partial name:• The search is performed as you enter te

400 Chapter 15 Score Editor Options:• Stems: default: according to the default setting• Stems: up• Stems: down• Stems: hide: hides a note’s s

Chapter 15 Score Editor 401 • Defeat Syncopation: defeats syncopated displayInterpretation (Default setting in the Display Parameter box)• In the

402 Chapter 15 Score Editor Content Catch: similar to Content Linked, but Catch is also activated. Only one MIDI Region is displayed at a time, bu

Chapter 15 Score Editor 403 Special Cases Concerning Score DisplayIn some situations, certain MIDI Regions will not be displayed in the Score windo

404 Chapter 15 Score Editor The Instrument Set WindowThe Instrument Set window can be opened with:• Double-click on the Instrument Set Box• Menu La

Chapter 15 Score Editor 405 In most cases, it’s more convenient to create a new Instrument Set with New > New Complete Set, as all instruments c

406 Chapter 15 Score Editor Name of Instrument SetThe name of an Instrument Set can be edited by double-clicking on the name in the left column of

Chapter 15 Score Editor 407 Automatic Display of Selected Instruments when Opening the Score WindowOpening a new Score window, while several Region

408 Chapter 15 Score Editor Scaling doesn’t happen to parts extracted using the Instrument Filter function described above. As such, you can use th

Chapter 15 Score Editor 409 Logic stores the line breaks for each Instrument Set individually. This also applies to all parts created with the Inst

Chapter 1 Using Logic 41 MIDI• The uppermost box, the Status menu, displays the type of MIDI message that is used for the key command.• Channel: I

410 Chapter 15 Score Editor Song Settings for Score DisplayThere are six pages of score settings in the Song Settings dialog box. You can switch be

Chapter 15 Score Editor 411 Margins are only visible in Page Edit view, where they are displayed as green lines on the screen. These lines are not

412 Chapter 15 Score Editor Constant/Proportional Spacing: Note DistanceThese parameters determine the amount of horizontal distance between notes.

Chapter 15 Score Editor 413 These parameters work relatively to a particular scoring situation, which is why no explicit instructions on settings c

414 Chapter 15 Score Editor Numbers & NamesThese settings affect the automatic display of page numbers, bar numbers, and instrument names in th

Chapter 15 Score Editor 415 Vert. DistanceThe vertical distance to the highest or lowest possible printing position on the page (dependent on wheth

416 Chapter 15 Score Editor Hide Bar Numbers in Linear ViewDoes exactly what it says. Linear View refers to non-Page View.Top/Bottom Staff onlyIn f

Chapter 15 Score Editor 417 The following display options are available for Clefs, Key Signatures, and Time Signatures:• Every Staff• First Staff o

418 Chapter 15 Score Editor For Time Signatures/BarlinesHide BarlinesThis option allows you to hide all barlines, which can be useful for education

Chapter 15 Score Editor 419 Chord Symbol Alignment determines the general horizontal alignment of chord symbols (see “Handling Chord Symbols” on pa

42 Chapter 1 Using Logic The Learn New Assignment button allows you to “teach” Logic a new assignment for the selected key command. Click on the bu

420 Chapter 15 Score Editor 1 to 6: the pitches that the “open” strings are tuned to.Other common parameters:Font, Size, and Face for the display

Chapter 15 Score Editor 421 Inv. ChanLike Channel, but counted from the highest string (1) to the lowest (6 and above). This way of numbering the s

422 Chapter 15 Score Editor MIDI MeaningThe settings in this window determine, if and to what extent, the insertion of the symbols listed here affe

Chapter 15 Score Editor 423 ColorLayout > Colors opens the color palette for the currently active song:These color palettes are used by differen

424 Chapter 15 Score Editor Show Sequence Selection ColoredIf this option is activated, the stave lines of the currently selected MIDI Region are d

Chapter 15 Score Editor 425 Text: Input and DisplayText StylesAll text elements in Logic refer to user-definable default settings called Text Style

426 Chapter 15 Score Editor Repeat EndingsThe Text Style for anything written into the repeat ending boxes (usually just numbers, but text can also

Chapter 15 Score Editor 427 Music Fonts as Fonts for Text StylesMusical Symbol Fonts do not contain letters. They only contain musical symbols. Tex

428 Chapter 15 Score Editor StaveOnly relevant in multi-stave Score Styles. It determines the staff that the Text object is assigned to. The vert.p

Chapter 15 Score Editor 429 Editing TextIf a Text object is selected, its parameters can be edited in the Event Parameter box. If you want to edit

Chapter 1 Using Logic 43 To delete key assignments:1 Activate the Learn by Key Label or Learn by Key Position button.2 Use the mouse to select the

430 Chapter 15 Score Editor Style, SizeThese work as per regular Text objects.Positioning of Global TextFollowing insertion into one of the margin

Chapter 15 Score Editor 431 LyricsThere is a Part box object named LYRIC, which is designed for lyric entry. You should select the Text Style that

432 Chapter 15 Score Editor Note: It is important that Lyric objects are assigned to the right MIDI Region, if you’re working in a full score disp

Chapter 15 Score Editor 433 • If you write letters before a number (FMAJ7/9, for example), Logic places the letters in the lower line, and everythi

434 Chapter 15 Score Editor German Chord Symbols: “H” Instead of “B”If the German Chord Symbols option is activated in the Global Format dialog win

Chapter 15 Score Editor 435 Rhythm Section PartsTo create typical rhythm section parts with chord symbols and Beat Slashes, select a Score Style wi

16 43716 The Transform WindowThe Transform window is a very powerful non-real time processing tool. It enables very specific data event changes t

438 Chapter 16 The Transform Window Opening the Transform WindowSelect Windows > Open Transform (Command-4) to open a new Transform window.Effec

Chapter 16 The Transform Window 439 Select and OperateThis is a combination of both actions: the events are selected in accordance with the Condit

44 Chapter 1 Using Logic 4 If you want to make another assignment, repeat steps 2 and 3.Note: If you wish to set up assignments for an entire Cont

440 Chapter 16 The Transform Window Imagine you want to add a mod wheel controller event (#1) 10 ticks before each note, with a value that matches

Chapter 16 The Transform Window 441 The All setting in the top box means that all values fulfil the conditions, making all other boxes in the same

442 Chapter 16 The Transform Window Exchanging Parameter ValuesYou can replace the value of each of the three event parameters: Cha, -1-/Pitch and

Chapter 16 The Transform Window 443 MinParameter values lower than the set value are replaced by it. Larger parameter values remain unaltered.MaxPa

444 Chapter 16 The Transform Window Exponent.The parameter value is scaled exponentially. The extreme values (0 and 127) remain unaltered. The set

Chapter 16 The Transform Window 445 Recalling PresetsIndividual Transform sets can be selected directly via Functions > Transform submenu in the

17 44717 TempoLogic provides several different tools and methods to create and edit tempo events.This chapter discusses these tools, and covers t

448 Chapter 17 Tempo Adjusting the Tempo to Fit RegionsThe Options > Tempo Adjust Tempo using Region Length and Locators command adjusts the MID

Chapter 17 Tempo 449 5 Paste the tempo events from the Clipboard (Command-V).6 A position input box appears at the first tempo event, allowing you

Chapter 1 Using Logic 45 Key CommandsThere is a set of key commands for the insertion of notes via the computer keyboard. To activate Step Input mo

18 45118 SynchronizationLogic can be synchronized with external hardware and software via a number of different synchronization protocols.This ch

452 Chapter 18 Synchronization MTC InterpretationAs the MIDI standard only supports four of the possible six time code formats (the 30 fps and 29.9

Chapter 18 Synchronization 453 Synchronization WindowOverviewYou can open this window from the Arrange window using File > Song Settings > Sy

454 Chapter 18 Synchronization Auto Enable external SyncWhen this option is activated, Logic runs as the master (Internal sync mode), until it rece

Chapter 18 Synchronization 455 Validate MTCThis pull-down menu option allows you to specify how often Logic checks for incoming time code, in order

456 Chapter 18 Synchronization Audio Sync ModeThis is where you define how each individual piece of audio hardware should be synchronized to an ext

Chapter 18 Synchronization 457 If MIDI Clock is transmitted to all ports, the events are only sent once from the computer to the interface. If you

458 Chapter 18 Synchronization Logic ignores these messages when incoming external MTC (MIDI Time Code) commands are detected.Logic also obeys so-c

Chapter 18 Synchronization 459 TV FormatAllows you to define the television format for time code burn-in:PAL: The video format used in Europe. If

46 Chapter 1 Using Logic Length and velocity are determined by the corresponding buttons in that window. If the buttons look like those shown in th

460 Chapter 18 Synchronization Sync Problems and SolutionsFaulty Digital SynchronizationIf Logic is synchronized to external wordclock (Audio Sync

19 46119 VideoLogic supports the viewing of QuickTime video files in the Arrange Video track, making film and TV scoring quick and easy.You can a

462 Chapter 19 Video Working With MoviesIn the QuickTime window, you can enter the SMPTE offset of the film in the Movie Start row. This is indepen

Chapter 19 Video 463 Synchronization MethodsThe Continguous Sync option allows you to switch between the following sync methods:When Continguous Sy

20 46520 Song Settings and PreferencesThe Song Settings and Preferences allow you to define many of Logic’s basic operating parameters. This sect

466 Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences Saving of Song Settings and PreferencesThe Song Settings are stored with the song file. If you want to

Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences 467 Output (assignment): Provided the audio hardware used by Logic offers more than two outputs, this fie

468 Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences Recording SettingsThis page can be reached in various ways: by key command (default: Option-R), the

Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences 469 MIDI data reductionController events are thinned out during recording, to reduce the data load on the

Chapter 1 Using Logic 47 Input via the Computer KeyboardNote input with the computer keyboard follows the same principles as input via the on-scree

470 Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences For the rest of the scale:Tune the next fifth up: 150 × 3 = 450/2 = 225 (which is more than an octave

Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences 471 Every temperament has its own “character”, and a given piece of music may sound fine in one key, but a

472 Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences This mode tunes keys to different degrees of scaled tuning, and delivers a “key signature character”.

Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences 473 MIDI RemoteGlobal button for controlling Logic via MIDI Commands. Clicking on the Configure button wil

474 Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences • Control Changes (such as the modulation wheel of a MIDI keyboard).• Aftertouch events (channel press

Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences 475 64–71“Switch” controllers 64 to 71 are chased. These include: sustain, sostenuto, hold 2, soft pedal,

476 Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences Send full MIDI Reset before ChasingA full MIDI reset (for all ports and all MIDI channels) is sent bef

Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences 477 Auto Backup:This pull-down menu switches on, and controls the automatic backup (see “Saving Songs” on

478 Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences Smooth Cycle AlgorithmThis improves the timing of cycle jumps, making it easier to set the length of s

Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences 479 Audio PreferencesAudio Preferences: GeneralCreate Overview after recordingTo allow you to view new rec

48 Chapter 1 Using Logic An example: If a G is inserted immediately after inserting a C, the G will be placed below the C. Inserting the C places

480 Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences Audio Preferences: DisplayDisplay Color in Audio WindowIf audio regions in the Arrange window are very

Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences 481 Audio Preferences: MP3Bit Rate (Mono/Stereo)The bit rates are selectable between 8 kbps and 320 kbps,

482 Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences MIDI PreferencesThis page handles Logic’s communication with your MIDI interface and other programs. A

Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences 483 Note: If your devices can follow MTC (MIDI Time Code), you should leave this option unchecked, and ma

484 Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences Display PreferencesThese parameters alter the general appearance of Logic. Before we take a look at th

Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences 485 Display Preferences: OtherEnvironment: Allow ‘All Objects’ layer optionA layer, showing every Object i

486 Chapter 20 Song Settings and Preferences Automation PreferencesThe Automation preferences globally affect all Automation tracks.Move Automation

21 48721 Control Surface SupportLogic offers dedicated support for several surfaces plus the option to program unsupported devices. Control surfa

488 Chapter 21 Control Surface Support InstallationControl Surface Plug-insDedicated control surface support is achieved through the use of special

Chapter 21 Control Surface Support 489 The Install WindowThe Install window is used to automatically scan for devices, or to install them manually.

Chapter 1 Using Logic 49 Note: As you can use key assignments that are already in use for other functions, you should take care to avoid using key

490 Chapter 21 Control Surface Support Setup Window ParametersDevice ParametersEach control surface unit must be connected to an independent MIDI I

Chapter 21 Control Surface Support 491 Note: The exact elements displayed, and thus their positions, depend on the selected SMPTE or bar/beat disp

492 Chapter 21 Control Surface Support EQ BandEQ Band allows you to select the current band in the EQ Multi Channel View. EQ ParameterRelated to th

Chapter 21 Control Surface Support 493 Instrument Parameter PageDetermines the parameter index (counted from 1) which is assigned to the left-most

494 Chapter 21 Control Surface Support Other ParametersTrack Name FormatChanges the track name display to show the track name alone, or the track n

Chapter 21 Control Surface Support 495 Control Surface PreferencesThe Control Surface preferences window is accessible via the Logic Menu > Pref

496 Chapter 21 Control Surface Support Multiple Controls per ParameterThese parameters determine whether one, or multiple, encoders are used per pa

Chapter 21 Control Surface Support 497 Controller AssignmentsThe Controller Assignments button launches the Controller Assignments Editor.SetupThe

498 Chapter 21 Control Surface Support Show Value Units For:Allows you to adjust whether parameter values will be appended by the measurement “unit

Chapter 21 Control Surface Support 499 Note: After about 5 ms, the Learn New Assignment button is automatically deactivated to prevent recording o

Contents 5 247 Video Track Chapter 9 249 Audio Window 249 Audio Window—Introduction251 Layout253 Display256 Operation260 File Administration268 Furth

50 Chapter 1 Using Logic The Escape key sends an All Notes Off command, should you encounter hanging notes.The numeric keys (above the QWERTY keybo

500 Chapter 21 Control Surface Support The Controller Assignments WindowThe Controller Assignments window is opened via the Logic > Preferences

501GlossayrGlossaryamplifier Device which controls the level of a signal.amplitude This term is used to describe the amount of a signal. If yo

502 Glossary Audio Region Chosen area of an audio file which is registered in the Audio window for use in the song and, can be placed on audio tr

Glossary 503 bounce To process recorded or streamed MIDI and/or Audio Regions with any applied effects, such as delay or compression, combining t

504 Glossary DA converter or DAC Short for digital/analog converter; a device that changes an analog signal into a digital signal.DAW Acronym fo

Glossary 505 dynamic range The dynamic range of a sound system is the difference in level between the highest signal peak that can be reproduced

506 Glossary Insert slot A point on Logic’s Mixers where you can patch in (insert) an effect plug-in. All audio channel types in Logic’s Track an

Glossary 507 mono Short for monophonic sound reproduction. The process of mixing audio channels into a single track, using equal amounts of the l

508 Glossary Region Regions can be found in the tracks of the Arrange window: They are rectangular beams that act as containers for audio or MID

Glossary 509 Solo tool Click-holding on individual Regions or events with the Solo tool temporarily allows them to be heard in isolation. All oth

Chapter 1 Using Logic 51 Song AdministrationAll events, other objects and settings (apart from the preferences and key commands) are components of

511IndexIndexAAAC 208Active MIDI Transmission 120aftertouch 501alias 124amplifier 501amplitude 501analog 501Anchor point 275Apple Loops 62add

512 Index Audio Unit. See AUAudio window 502Auto Create Tracks in Cycle Record option 87Autodrop function 88, 143defining Autodrop area 88Auto

Index 513DC Offsetremoving 290decibel. See dBDeleteBackspace key 108eraser tool 108deletingevent 35De-Quantize function 36Deselect Global Tr

514 Index GGarageBand 67Channel Strip setting 67Instruments 67opening GarageBand song in Logic 67Global track 239Deselect Global Tracks functi

Index 515Mute Track 97Play from beginning 80printing list of 39Save as Zoom 1–3 25saving 36Select Next Track 95Select Previous Track 95Set

516 Index NnamingRegion 115multiple 115New dialog 51Create Project Folder option 51Next note will be flat key command 47Next note will be shar

Index 517piano roll editor 323playback 507Play from beginning key command 80Play button 80Plug-in window 507opening as non-float window 197p

518 Index Live mode 180Playback mode 180routing 508Ssampledestructive editing 288dipslaying as sample bits 280displaying as sample bit 280inc

Index 519rubber band 34several objects 34toggling selection status 34Selection Parameter box 282Select next/previous Object key command 33Sel

52 Chapter 1 Using Logic • Preset Templates folder (/Library/Application Support/Logic/Song Templates/Autoload or Autoload.lso)• User Templates fol

520 Index Standard MIDI file 60bank select 60format 0 60format 1 60loading 60saving 61Step backwards key command 48Step forward key command

Index 521Track List 509Track Mixer 218Filter button 191, 219Folder 220Global view 219MIDI channel strip 221opening as float window 218Track

522 Index word length. See bit depthXX/Y scroll element 23Zzero crossingsearching 284zoomMagnifying Glass 25zoomingAuto Track Zoom function 25

Chapter 1 Using Logic 53 Project settings can be changed via the File > Project > Settings menu entry, which launches the following dialog:If

54 Chapter 1 Using Logic Copying or Moving the Project FolderIf the project folder is moved or copied to another location, the files in the resulti

Chapter 1 Using Logic 55 Consolidate Project SettingsThe File > Project > Consolidate function launches the following dialog:As you can see,

56 Chapter 1 Using Logic About TemplatesA template is a song file that is stored in either of two specific locations (see below). Any song file may

Chapter 1 Using Logic 57 Direct Access to Your Current SongsYou can open any of your most recently opened songs directly without the usual file sel

58 Chapter 1 Using Logic Song Information WindowThe Song Information window can be opened via Options > Song Information. It contains informatio

Chapter 1 Using Logic 59 Automatic Backup FilesWhen you save a song, Logic will first make a safety copy of the previous file. You can switch off t

6 Contents Chapter 15 329 Score Editor 329 Score Editor—Introduction331 Elements of the Score Edit Window332 Notation Concept336 General Appearance33

60 Chapter 1 Using Logic Standard MIDI FilesStandard MIDI files are not specific to a particular sequencer program, or type of computer. They conta

Chapter 1 Using Logic 61 Saving Standard MIDI FilesIf you want to play a Logic song on another sequencer, you can do so by saving it as a Standard

62 Chapter 1 Using Logic Apple LoopsLogic ships with a number of Apple Loops. Apple Loops are musical phrases that can be repeated seamlessly. In c

Chapter 1 Using Logic 63 The Scale pull-down menu offers Minor, Major, Neither, and Good For Both options. Use of these options limits the search f

64 Chapter 1 Using Logic The Apple Loops that feature the green icon can also be added to audio tracks, where they behave exactly like their blue i

Chapter 1 Using Logic 65 Property Tags• Number of Beats field: Displays the number of beats in the file.• File Type button: sets the file type, w

66 Chapter 1 Using Logic • Sensitivity slider: Sets the degree of sensitivity for transient detection. When you increase the sensitivity of transi

Chapter 1 Using Logic 67 There are two additional buttons at the bottom of the window, the Assets button and the Save button.• Assets button: Show

68 Chapter 1 Using Logic ReCycle ImportReCycle is the name of a software application by manufacturer Propellerhead, which mainly serves as an editi

Chapter 1 Using Logic 69 The size of the transferred audio region is limited to 10 MB, due to the fact that the Clipboard resides in the computer’s

Contents 7 476 Preferences Chapter 21 487 Control Surface Support 488 Installation490 Setup Window Parameters495 Control Surface Preferences498 Custo

70 Chapter 1 Using Logic OPEN TL ImportLogic has the ability to import song contents using theOpenTL (Open Track List) file format.The OpenTL forma

Chapter 1 Using Logic 71 POW-r offers three distinct dithering modes. • No Dithering: No dithering is applied.• POW-r #1: uses a special ditherin

2 732 TransportIn this section, you will learn how to move to different parts of the song, start and limit passages, and to isolate and audition

74 Chapter 2 Transport Position display, Locators (see “Position Display” on page 76)Tempo and Time Signature display (see “Tempo/Free Memory” on p

Chapter 2 Transport 75 The Transport Bar in Other WindowsYou can also configure a fixed Transport window in the Arrange and Matrix windows. Select

76 Chapter 2 Transport SMPTE View OffsetThis menu option launches the Song Settings > Synchronization > General tab, allowing you to define t

Chapter 2 Transport 77 Tempo/Free MemoryTempoTempo is displayed as quarter notes per minute, or beats per minute (bpm). It ranges from 5 to 9999 bp

78 Chapter 2 Transport Time Signature ChangesIf you alter the bar numerator or denominator in the Transport window, a time signature is created at

Chapter 2 Transport 79 Panic FunctionClick on the MIDI monitor to silence any hanging notes. If this doesn’t work, double-clicking on it will initi

80 Chapter 2 Transport PlayStarts playback at the current position, or from the left locator position when in Cycle mode.You can use the Play from

Chapter 2 Transport 81 Mode ButtonsThe mode buttons do not immediately trigger an action. Rather, they switch operating states. The relevant button

82 Chapter 2 Transport • direct access to the tempo editors (see “Display and Functions” on page 447).• direct access to the Synchronization setti

Chapter 2 Transport 83 Start and End MarkersThe song start point is normally at position 1 1 1 1. You can move the song start point to an earlier p

84 Chapter 2 Transport NumericallySelecting Goto Position opens the dialog box shown above, allowing you to input the song position numerically. Th

Chapter 2 Transport 85 How Logic behaves in Cycle mode:• The Song Position Line jumps from the end of the Cycle to the beginning.• When this happen

86 Chapter 2 Transport • The Set rounded Locators & Play key command achieves the same result, but also starts playback.Skip CycleYou can skip

Chapter 2 Transport 87 Count-InThe Count-in and Record Pre-roll values can be defined in File > Song Settings > Recording (see “Metronome Set

88 Chapter 2 Transport Cycle and ReplaceDuring a cycle recording in Replace mode, existing Regions are deleted during the first cycle pass—from the

Chapter 2 Transport 89 Setting Autodrop NumericallyThe positions of the Autodrop locators are displayed numerically, to the right of the Cycle loca

9 Preface Logic Reference Recent years have seen a revolution in the use of personal computers for creating music. Music projects that until r

90 Chapter 2 Transport The Chase Events function searches all MIDI Regions at the playback start point. It looks for a selection of the following b

3 913 Arrange WindowThe Arrange window is the heart of Logic. It is the view that you will see most often when working with the program.You will

92 Chapter 3 Arrange Window To the left of the Arrange area is the Track List (see “Tracks” on page 92). This is where you determine which (Audio)

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 93 OverviewThere are basically three types of tracks:• Audio tracks: for playback, recording, and automation of audio sig

94 Chapter 3 Arrange Window Note: Strictly speaking, tracks don’t need to be routed to an instrument or audio channel, as you can assign any Envir

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 95 Icon ColorThe small, monochromatic icons adopt the color of their “parent” Audio Object or MIDI Instrument Object—which

96 Chapter 3 Arrange Window Note: If you hold down Option before grabbing the track number, no extra Regions on the track will be selected. If no

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 97 Name While Creating a TrackWhen you create a track (by double-clicking below the bottom track in the Track List) you ca

98 Chapter 3 Arrange Window Soloing TracksBoth MIDI and audio tracks (and folders) offer Track Solo buttons to the left side of the Track List, bet

Chapter 3 Arrange Window 99 Selecting an InstrumentClick-holding on an Instrument’s name (or icon) in the Track List opens a hierarchical pull-down