Apple iMalc 1.1.2 User Manual

Fruit is good for you.Enrich your life.iMalc Manualversion 1.1.2incorporating G3Calc, G4CalcPowerBookCalc, BronzeCalciBookCalc and MacCalcCalculate Di

Hidden functionsTo obtain further functions press and hold the option key. Ingeneral, the function obtained is the inverse of the normal oneeg sin bec

Using the keyboardYou can also use the keyboard to operate the calculator. Thestandard number and keypad keys work, as do the operator andbackspace. R

INF means infinity, and can be obtained through erroneousoperators such as division by zero.NANs are Not A Number and are other error codes, generally

InterfaceiMalc Manual7In common with most Macintosh applications, iMalc has a familiarinterface that consists of icons, windows and menus andconforms

When you double-click on iMalc for the first time to start up theapplication, the first window you see is a Welcome screen:This screen offers you a ch

After you have dismissed the Welcome screen, you are presentedwith the main iMalc calculator window in the default flavour ofBlueberry:This is a norma

There are other windows that you can call up at any time. If youchoose About iMalc from the Apple menu, you are presented withthe About Box screen:The

informative as this manual. The iMalc Help window looks like this:You can scroll down the contents in the box on the right to readthe help. Double cli

The Contacts and Credits window has buttons down the left:The top button is the default, and shows the version number,email and website addresses for

lists the names of the beta testers who helped test and debugthe first version of iMalc.There are two other windows that you will see, the Reminderwin

© 1999-2000 Eyecatcher Productions.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may bereproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem, or transmitted, in a

The Registration window has some very brief instructions on howto pay, using the Register iMalc program that comes with iMalc.There are three buttons,

The menus in iMalc follow the Apple standard as outlined inAppleÕs Human Interface Guidelines, with only one addition to thestandard Apple set of Appl

The Undo menu item is effectively the same as the CE, clear lastentry, key. It will clear the last operand input, but not the calculationtotal or prev

Depending on your choice of flavour, both the About iMalc menuitem in the Apple menu, and the iMalc Help items will changetheir name to reflect your f

iMalc is easy to use and looks like, and works similar to, anyother calculator that you might have used. You can click on thebuttons, or use the keybo

In addition, more functions can be obtained by holding down theOption (Alt), key:Generally, the inverse of the function is obtained when holdingdown

Number keysOperator keysDecimal point keyLogarithm to base 10 key10xor anti-logarithm to base 10 key (+ Option key)Natural logarithm (base e) keyexor

Square root x (Ã) keyx2(x squared) key (+ Option key)Percent (%) key¹ (pi) key (+ Option key)Plus/Minus key1Úx (inverse of x ) key (+ Option key)Memor

Or you can use the +/- before entering the number:Press 1Press 0Press 0Press xPress +/-Press 2Press =When employing the % key, you do not need to pres

The last two keys are the ythroot of x and (with option keydown) xy(x to the power y). To use these keys enter the x valuefirst, then press the key. Y

iMalcincorporating G3Calc, G4Calc, PowerBookCalc, BronzeCalc, iBookCalc and MacCalciMalc version 1.1.2© Tony Spencer, Eyecatcher Productions, 1999-200

The operand is the number to be operated on when the nextoperator key is pressed, and is effectively the number currently inthe display. An operator k

All of the functions except the memory are accessible via thekeyboard too. Log base 10 is L, natural logs is N, percent is P,+/- is M, sin is S, cosin

iMalc ManualFlavoursFlavours26Changing iMalc's appearance is easy. Simply choose your flavourfrom the Flavour menu. Or use the shortcut keys.The

FlavoursiMalc ManualFlavours27Bondi iMalc Blueberry iMalcGrape iMalc Lime iMalc

iMalc ManualFlavoursFlavours28Strawberry iMalc Tangerine iMalcGraphite iMalc Classic platinum MacCalc

FlavoursiMalc ManualFlavours29G3Calc G4CalcPowerBookCalc BronzeCalc

iMalc ManualFlavoursFlavours30Blueberry iBookCalc Tangerine iBookCalcGraphite iBookCalc

There are various technical considerations that should be borne inmind when using a computer to perform mathematicalcalculations. Most of the followin

as binary floating-point numbers. Binary floating-point numberscan represent real numbers exactly in relatively few cases; in allother cases the repre

If an invalid input is provided or if the result cannot berepresented exactly, a floating-point exception must be raised.Careful RoundingIf the resu

iMalc ManualiviMalc runs under Mac OS 7.1 and later. It may work on earliersystem versions. iMalc has been tested on a PowerBook G3 andiMac running Ma

Exception HandlingThe IEEE standard defines five exceptions that indicate when anexceptional event has occurred. They are invalid operation underflo

blocks in numerical functions. The transcendental functionsinclude the usual logarithmic and exponential functions, as wellas ln(1+x) and ex-1; financ

each data format have a sign bit (s), an exponent field (e),and a fraction field (f). For each format, it lists requirements forthe minimum lengths of

where± is the sign stored in the sign bit (1 is negative, 0 ispositive).significand has the form b0.b1b2b3. . . bprecision-1where b1b2b3. . . bprecisi

Denormalized NumbersInstead of using only normalized numbers and allowing this smallgap around 0, PowerPC processor-based Macintosh computersuse denor

NaNsWhen a numeric operation cannot produce a meaningful result,the operation delivers a special bit pattern called a NaN (Not-a-Number). For example,

extreme negative underflows yield -0, expressions like 1/x3produce the correct sign for ° when x is tiny and negative.Addition and subtraction produce

ln(+0) -°ln(-0) -°ln(NaN) NaNln(+°) +°ln(-°) NaNlog10(x) for x<0 NaNlog10(+1) +0log10(+0) -°log10(-0) -°log10(NaN) NaNlog10(+°) +°log10(-°) NaNsin(

atan(NaN) NaNatan(+°)¹/2atan(-°) -¹/2You may occasionally see some error codes whilst using iMalc.You will get the warning 'imaginary' if yo

0.1.0b1 First beta release, 12th September 1999.1.0.0 First release, 6th October 1999.¥ Added flavour for G4. Slightly changed flavour menu shortcuts.

iv System requirements, conventions, assumptionsvi List of illustrations1 Introductionfeatures3 Quick Startfor those in a hurry7 Interfaceicons, windo

¥ Key for input of exponents¥ Additional memories¥ Support for new flavours Sage, Indigo, Ruby and Snow¥ Hyperbolic functions¥ Key for factorial¥ Base

RegistrationiMalc ManualRegistration45This section covers registration issues, such as the sharewareconcept, pricing, how to register and methods of p

iMalc ManualRegistrationRegistration46The following software licenses are available:Single user licenses:No of copies Price1-9 US$15 (£10) per copy10-

RegistrationiMalc ManualRegistration47Registering is very easy.You can register and pay online, by email, fax or post.To handle registrations we use t

iMalc ManualRegistrationRegistration48Kagi handles payments from customers around the world andforwards payments on to software authors around the wor

RegistrationiMalc ManualRegistration49and complete the relevant information (credit card number, typeof currency, etc.) below. Make checks payable to

iMalc ManualRegistrationRegistration50Double check your registration request to see that all theinformation is correct, if not, correct it using the R

RegistrationiMalc ManualRegistration51their payment. Kagi cannot invoice your company, you need toact on our behalf and generate the invoice and handl

iMalc ManualRegistrationRegistration52messages sent. Please tell Kagi exactly what you want them todo/send to you.Payment-method: Card , Check and che

About Eyecatcher ProductionsiMalc ManualAbout Eyecatcher Productions53iMalc is the first software available from Eyecatcher Productions.Eyecatcher Pro

iMalc Manualvi7 iMalc icons8 Welcome screen9 Calculator window10 About Box window11 Help window12 Contacts and Credits window13 Reminder window14 Regi

iMalc ManualLegal InformationLegal Information54The following is legal information which concerns copyright andyour software license which you should

Legal InformationiMalc ManualLegal Information55Machines Corporation. REALbasic is a trademark of RealSoftware, Inc. Adobe, the Adobe logo, Acrobat, D

iMalc ManualLegal InformationLegal Information56otherwise use it or make it available for use on more than onecomputer at the same time except on a po

Legal InformationiMalc ManualLegal Information57unenforceable, or contrary to law, that provision of theAgreement shall be enforced to the maximum ext

iMalc ManualOther InformationOther Information58Here is a selection of other useful information and web sites.Inside Macintosh reference books from Ap

Other InformationiMalc ManualOther Information59Thanks are due to many people.Firstly to those who have paid their registration fees - hopefullythatÕs

iMalc ManualOther InformationOther Information60Adobe http://www.adobe.comApple Computer http://www.apple.comApple Masters - famous people who use Mac

Mac Driver Museum http://members.xoom.com/macdrivers/MacEvangeList http://www.MacEvangeList.comMacFever http://www.macfever.comMacFormat http://www.ma

iMalc ManualIndexIndex62% 3, 19, 22+/- 3, 21, 22¹ 4, 19, 21, 22Ã 21, 2210^x 22128-bit 361Úx 4, 19, 21, 2232-bit 3664-bit 3668k chip 31AAbout Box 10, 2

IndexiMalc ManualIndex63denormalized numbers 37, 38display 23double 35double-double 35drag and drop 4EEdit menu 15email 12Enter 24equals 3, 22Error co

IntroductioniMalc Manual1iMalc is a fully featured scientific calculator designed to replacethe standard Apple calculator. It offers more functions an

iMalc ManualIndexIndex64Ooperand 23operator key 24Operator keys 18, 20option key 4, 19, 22Other Information 58Ppaste 4, 23payment 45Payment by cash 50

IndexiMalc ManualIndex65Xx to the power y key 19x^2 21, 22x^y 4, 23Yyth root of x 4, 19, 20, 23Zzeroes 37, 39zoom box 19

iMalc ManualIntroductionIntroduction2iMalc remembers the value stored in memory, the flavour andwindow position on quitting.Versions of iMalc are avai

If youÕre in a hurry to start using iMalc and donÕt want to readthe manual at this stage then here are some quick startinstructions.Calculator operati